The General Prologue Essay Thesis Example For Students

The General Prologue Essay Thesis The General Prologue: Compare and differentiation The Prioress and The Wife of Bath In The General Prologue, Chaucer presents every one of the twenty-nine characters of The Canterbury Tales. The Prioress, being the leader of a cloister, is a strict lady and, aside from her going with religious woman, the spouse of shower is the main other female traveler. By going on journey by any means, the Prioress is submitting an offense as the religious administrators precluded the journey. In this way, the basic reality that she figures in the preamble proposes she isn't entirely dedicated to her motivation. The Wife of Bath, on the other hand, as a liberated person of business reserved each privilege to join in. Chaucer presents the Prioress as the fourth pioneer delineating her societal position contrasted with the spouse of shower who figures a lot later, being of the common people. The Prioresss way be that as it may, doesn't resemble her position and Chaucer infers her amicableness to be shallow. As a religious recluse, she ought to have relinquished every last bit of her material belongings on passage to the community, and she ought not value her appearance. Be that as it may: scarcely, she was nat undergrowe. We will compose a custom article on The General Prologue Thesis explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now /Ful fetis was hir cloke, as I was war. /Of smal coral aboute employ arm she bar/A peire of bedes, guaded al with grene,/And theron heng an ornament of gold ful sheene She had plainly not done without her assets and the clasp she conveyed held the engraving Amor vincit omnia (love vanquishes all). This is amusing, not in any way well-suited for a pious devotee, and recommends consecrated or profane love, unobtrusively suggesting corruption. Similarly, she was cleped madame Eglentine, an improper name for a pious devotee, with its sexual meanings and its connections with elegant love. The Wife of Bath is reckless and showy, yet dissimilar to the Prioress she is straightforward, and for this trustworthiness Chaucer commends her as a commendable lady al hir live. Chaucers utilization of the word commendable is frequently mocking so can't generally be taken actually, yet for this situation he is by all accounts truly adulating the Wife of Bath regardless of her blemishes. There are recommendations of her wantonness yet Chaucer brushes over her different relationships: Housbondes at chirche dore she hadde five,/Withouten oother compaignye in youthe,/But thereof nedeth nat to speke as nowthe.

The Color Purple essays

The Color Purple papers Celie and Nettie both experienced difficult situations in spite of the fact that there was a variety of contrasts between the two. The two of them came out more grounded and increasingly mindful of the mistreatment that ladies of that age needed to confront. They were Eventually ready to split away from the endless loop of man commanding over lady and keeping her beneath himself and implying that they were the Weaker sex. Celie and Nettie both were set out on a profound excursion, yet both were so unique in various manners. Celie's excursion was loaded up with steady agony, enduring, misfortune, outrage, and persecution. Nettie additionally had a hard life, as well, however hers was made a lot simpler in view of Celie. She kept Nettie out of damages way ...for instance, on page eight, Celie starts her diary section by composing, I ast him to take me rather than Netter while our new mammy was sick...I duck into my room and come out wearing horsehair, plumes, and a couple of our new mammy high heel shoes...he beat me for dressing trampy yet do it to me at any rate. Both there ventures helped them discover their sex from an alternate perspective, and furthermore find there own quality away from men. Celias venture started when she was youthful. Her dad assaulted her continually when her mom couldnt engage in sexual relations with him (she was debilitated from having to numerous youngsters and was insane before that) and Celie became pregnant twice (one when her mom was as yet alive and one after her moms demise) Both occasions he disposed of the angels that Celie had. Following a couple of years (and when he got attempted of Celie) he got auctions off to an oppressive man with little hellants for youngsters. She scarcely had any bliss in her life other than from seeing Nettie. She was just being beaten, dismissed, and billeted. Nettie then again, she never was assaulted by their dad, didnt need to wed Mr._______ like he initially mentioned. She was saved by trouble by Celie. She e ... <! The Color Purple papers In Alice Walkers epic The Color Purple, the idea of the body, propagation, and brutality appeared through the novel are the most unmistakable and key concerns found in this novel. Starting with the view of the body, The Color Purple depicts an extremely striking understanding from the principal pages. She appalling. He state. Yet, she aint no outsider to difficult work. What's more, she clean. What's more, God done fixed her. You can do everything simply like you need and she aint going to make you feed it or dress it. This gives the vibe that the men have transcending gauges of the ladies that are found in this account of Black Southern Women. This likewise can be seen when Celie clutches an image of Shug in light of the fact that she is so perfect. These are standards found in our general public all in all. Ladies clutching pictures of ladies in magazines and banners lead to the proposal that the artificially glamorized picture is practical and that is the thing that the ladies of the world need to resemble. The forerunner of this is pictured when this is the thing that the men take a gander at in their magazines. The view that men have of ladies is one of this sexual being holding on to be had. Celie clutching this image is equivalent to a lady today purchasing a magazine that interests to her second rate parts. Us both be hitting Netties textbooks entirely hard, cause us realizes we got the opportunity to be brilliant to git away. I know Im not as pretty or as shrewd as Nettie, however she state I aint stupid. is played on all through the book just as in our customs. Ladies of the present reality should be excellent to be a hotshot, or so it appears. A similar way Celie is a shoeless and pregnant housewife living her fantasy of a vocalist that is striking. The exemplification of the statements that shows the sexuality related with a womens body is Listen, she state, directly down there in your pussy is a little catch that gits genuine hot when you do you realize what with someone. This permits the sentiment of cru... <! The Color Purple expositions The Color Purple: Directed by Steven Spielberg Alice Walkers 1982 novel, The Color Purple, is an epic story of a womans battle to discover uniformity, strength and opportunity in a male commanded presence. A considerable lot of the issues which are expounded on in the novel were seen or experienced by the creator. As a dark lady conceived in Eatonton, Georgia and brought up in the South, Walker picked up knowledge into the treacheries incurred upon her race, yet in addition her sexual orientation. Constrained by the separations of her time she turned into a promoter in the Civil Rights Movement, chipping in the voter enlistment drives of the 1960s in Georgia. She was likewise present for the March on Washington, and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s rousing discourse. After school, she proceeded with her administration and started work in the Welfare Department in New York City. Experiencing childhood in an age where minorities were continually battling for balance made the foundation from which Walker drew her motivation. Walker played an extremely dynamic job really taking shape of The Color Purple into a film in 1985, created by Quincy Jones and coordinated by Steven Spielberg. She didn't, nonetheless, compose the screenplay. She had the option to voice assessments on different pieces of the story and throwing. She was both charmed and disillusioned in the screen rendering of her story. Her adored characters were not her own on screen, however she admired the incredible exhibitions by the entertainers. Spielberg was solicited to coordinate the movie in light of the fact that from his past order achievements in films like Jaws and E.T. Spielberg confronted the test of moving a story that had been composed by Walker in an epistolary configuration, in which characters are created by composed letters through the viewpoint of one focal character. He achieves this by disposing of the principal individual point of view, moving the accentuation of the content away from being told by just a single individual . He additionally makes ... <! The Color Purple papers In the novel The Color Purple, by Alice Walker there are numerous references to the shading purple. Purple is an exceptionally one of a kind shading particularly in todays society. It is the shading for the most part connected with lesbianism, and was recently utilized in the Phoenician Empire to show that somebody was of sovereignty. The lesbianism criticalness is a significant part, particularly in this novel in light of Celie and Shugs relationship. All through the novel, the deduction to the shading purple is utilized as an artistic gadget to depict the uniqueness and lesbian propensities of the hero, Celie. The primary reference to the shading purple is where Celies sister-parents in law attempt to assist her relationship with her significant other, their sibling. The young ladies conclude that they will bring Celie down to the store to get her some new material for garments. Celie had always been unable to bear the cost of her own new garments, so she was attempting to choose what shading the new material would be. I think what shading Shug Avery would wear. She like a sovereign to me so I say to Kate, Somethin purple, possibly somewhat red in it as well. Be that as it may, us look a no purple. (Walker 22) This point is the point at which the peruser gets a feeling of the relationship that Celie and Shug as of now have. Celies considerations are about Shug. It likewise is a great job of hinting how Celie sees Shug in her psyche. She sees Shug in great and incredible hues. It additionally demonstrates the peruser that Celie needs to resemble Shug and can't on the grounds that they dont have any purple material. The following reference to the shading purple that I saw was after Celie and Shug had begun their relationship. Shug is attempting to keep Celies confidence in God alive by revealing to Celie what her picture of God resembles. Well us talk and talk session God, however Im still afloat. Attempting to drive that old white man off of my mind. I been so bustling reasoning session him I never really notice nothin God make. Not a bl ... <! The Color Purple articles The letter portraying the last supper that Celie had before breaking out of prison was extremely enthusiastic. The way that she was beaten and mishandled caused a wide range of feelings. The letters that Celie's sister, Nettie, composed were never given to her, and she thought about it literally. She was isolated from the main individual that cherished her, and that was her sister. Her childhood was taken from her futile. Every last bit of her issues were from one man, the sir. The individual that bolstered and remained by her was the lady laying down with her significant other. She was beaten and manhandled in light of the fact that she didn't do what she was told. She had to bring up kids that were not her's, and she was likewise mishandled by them to. She must be extra cautious in managing her significant other just to endure. She needed to manage her significant other being unfaithful, and she needed to contain this. Ceilie and Nettie were amazingly close. She carried her joy to her life. However Ceilie's significant other kicked out her sister since she didn't do what she wanted. The main association they had was by letter's. By and by Ceilie's significant other destroyed that to, he kept and concealed the entirety of the letter's for an extensive stretch of time with no goal of giving them back. At the point when she discovered it stoked her fire and chafed her. Ceilie's mom kicked the bucket and she needed to expect her jobs in the house, particularly those generally unfortunate. She was offered away to a man she didn't have a clue when she was only a youngster. Her youth and adolescent years were loaded with anguish, crying youngsters and forlornness. Her life was poorly spent serving the individuals who thankless and the individuals who didn't adore her, after every single even shading need to be cherished. Her spouses obnoxious attack executed her certainty, she couldnt even give her grin as a result of the considerable number of affront. She alluded to him as Mr since he had the high ground. He was laying down with another lady and his significant other knew yet could sit idle. Shug assumed a little job and a major job. Her I... <! The Color Purple articles My comprehension of Tillichs boldness to be is that hes looking at something more extensive. Boldness implies something that saturates our entire being. Mental fortitude isn't one of a kind for hu

What Is a False Memory How Fake Memories Form

What Is a False Memory How Fake Memories Form Theories Cognitive Psychology Print False Memories By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on March 22, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on May 08, 2019 Image Source / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Definition Causes Impact Research View All Back To Top A false memory is a fabricated or distorted recollection of an event. Such memories may be entirely false and imaginary. In other cases, they may contain elements of fact that have been distorted by interfering information or other memory distortions. Memory Mistakes Are Quite Common People often think of memory as something like a video recorder, accurately documenting and storing everything that happens with perfect accuracy and clarity. In reality, memory is very prone to fallacy. People can feel completely confident that their memory is accurate, but this confidence is no guarantee that a particular memory is correct. Examples of this phenomenon can range from the fairly mundane, such as incorrectly recalling that you locked the front door, to the much more serious, such as falsely remembering details of an accident you witnessed. Learn more about how psychologists define false memories, how these memories form, and the impact that such memories can have. Definitions of False Memory How do psychologists define false memory? How do they distinguish it from other forms of memory fallibility? Some common elements of false memory include: False memories are mental experiences that people believe are accurate representations of past events.False memories often revolve around trivial details (believing you put your keys on the table when you got home) to much more serious (believing you saw someone at the scene of a crime).False memory differs from simple memory errors. While we are all prone to memory fallibility false memory is more than a simple mistake; it involves a level of certitude in the validity of the memory. While we all experience memory failures from time to time, false memories are unique in that they represent a distinct recollection of something that did not actually happen. It is not about forgetting or mixing up details of things that we experienced; it is about remembering things that we never experienced in the first place. What Causes False Memory? So why do false memories happen? Factors that can influence false memory include misinformation and misattribution of the original source of the information. Existing knowledge and other memories can also interfere with the formation of a new memory, causing the recollection of an event to be mistaken or entirely false. Suggestion can lead to false memories. Memory researcher Elizabeth Loftus has demonstrated through her research that it is possible to induce false memories through suggestion. She has also shown that these memories can become stronger and more vivid as time goes on. Over time, memories become distorted and begin to change. In some cases, the original memory may be changed in order to incorporate new information or experiences. The Potential Impact of False Memories While we are all familiar with the fallibility of memory (who hasnt forgotten an important bit of information), many people do not realize just how common false memory really is. People are remarkably susceptible to suggestion, which can create memories of events and things that didnt really happen to us. For example: Most of the time these false memories are fairly inconsequential - a memory that you brought the keys in the house and hung them up in the kitchen, when in reality you left them out in the car, for example. In other instances, false memories can have serious implications. Researchers have found that false memories are one of the leading causes of false convictions, usually through the false identification of a suspect or false recollections during police interrogations. Who Is Affected by False Memories? Loftuss groundbreaking research has shown just how easily and readily false memories can form. In one study, participants watched video of an automobile accident and were then asked some questions about what they saw in the film. Some participants were asked How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other? while others were asked the same question but the words smashed into were replaced with hit. When the participants were given a memory test pertaining to the accident a week later, those who had been asked the smashed into question were more likely to have a false memory of seeing broken glass in the film. Time can influence false memory formation: Loftus has suggested that false memories form more readily when enough time has passed that the original memory has faded. In eyewitness testimony for example, the length of time between the incident and being interviewed about the event plays a role in how suggestible people are to false memory. If interviewed immediately after an event, when the details are still vivid, people are less likely to be influenced by misinformation. If, however, an interview is delayed for a period of time, people are more likely to be affected by potential false information. A Word From Verywell While it might be difficult for many people to believe, everyone has false memories. Our memories are generally not as reliable as we think and false memories can form quite easily, even among people who typically have very good memories.

Is Sexuality Biologically Or Socially Determined - 891 Words

Is a person’s sexuality biologically or socially determined? This exact question has created controversy for years upon years for researchers and society as a whole. Especially recently, concepts on sexuality have been a hot topic due to the introduction of gay marriage laws. Now, there is a social urgency to get answers about the causes of sexual orientation. Because of this, scientists are working harder than ever in their studies. Despite many myths and misconceptions, there currently are no clear-cut answers to this debatable question, although there is a theory. Current theories suggest sexuality is influenced by a variety of both biological and social factors. Therefore, rather than focusing on one factor or the other being the exact cause of a person’s sexuality, both factors need to be taken into consideration. Humans are born sexual beings; it is embedded in our nature. This does not mean biological factors are the only determinate of sexuality: being heterosexual, homosexual, or bisexual. Actually, Barlow states, â€Å"genetic effects explain from 34% to 39% of the cause in men, and in women 18% to 19%, with the remainder accounted for by environmental influences† (2013, p. 334). That remaining percentage is rather huge, suggesting that social factors are more to blame for a person’s sexual orientation than biological factors. These statistics prove that sexuality has the opportunity to change over time, towards different people, and through different socialShow MoreRelatedGeek Masculinity And Its Effects On Society836 Words   |  4 Pagesmentioned before, race and gender are socially constructed by dominant groups in the society. The Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender (LGBT) community is among the subculture groups that are stigmatized by the U.S. society. They are deviant of the heterosexual norm. Society labels sexualities, which expressions of sexuality it values or stigmatizes. The meanings of sexuality change over time in different contexts, which reveals the sexuality as defined by the society. Sexuality is defined as â€Å"the ways we experienceRead MoreEssay on Our Understanding of Sexuality and Family Formation1213 Words   |  5 PagesOur Understanding of Sexuality and Family Formation The investigations in the determinants of gender and sexuality are ongoing; some are biologically orientated while others believe that they are socially constructed. This essay will discuss the idea that our understanding of sexuality and gender is linked to our understanding of family formations. It will highlight the diversities and the relationships of sexuality, gender and the family. It will also draw attentionRead MoreSex And Disability : An Open Minded Perspective From Individuals1313 Words   |  6 Pagesodd to introduce them to such sexualized acts. Yet, this often causes detrimental physiological effects as those with disabilities fail to understand and come to terms with their own sexuality. Virtually, there is no implicative framework in which these individuals can confide in. They are made to fear their own sexuality. When it comes to defining the term: gender, there is often an obscure and seemingly specific way the majority of our society conforms it to be. You are either female or male. Of courseRead MoreThe Current Day And Age Essay1266 Words   |  6 Pagesgender roles, and biology. It differs from sex, one’s biological femaleness or maleness, in that it is socially constructed by psychological and sociocultural attributes (Crooks Baur, 2013, pp. 111-124). In summation, sex is strictly biologically determined, whereas, gender is effected by society. Differences Males and females both possess very obvious differences biologically, socially, and psychologically. One of the ways that males and females differ, is through sex. There are two typesRead MoreGender Biologically Determined2144 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Is Gender Biologically Determined?†- Drawing upon ethnographic examples from 2-3 societies. Gender being ‘biologically determined’ means that whether gender is inherited or passed down by genetics. If a person is a man or woman, (which is usually called ‘The Sex’), that is biologically determined because they inherit the chromosomes to be born a man, or to be born as a woman. In the early 1970’s sex was described by â€Å"biology as: anatomy, hormones, and physiology† (West and Zimmerman 1987). ApartRead MoreGender Biologically Determined2151 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Is Gender Biologically Determined?†- Drawing upon ethnographic examples from 2-3 societies. Gender being ‘biologically determined’ means that whether gender is inherited or passed down by genetics. If a person is a man or woman, (which is usually called ‘The Sex’), that is biologically determined because they inherit the chromosomes to be born a man, or to be born as a woman. In the early 1970’s sex was described by â€Å"biology as: anatomy, hormones, and physiology† (West and Zimmerman 1987). ApartRead MoreSexual Nature And Sexual Differences1560 Words   |  7 Pagesideas about the sexual nature and sexual differences occurred in the eighteenth and nineteenth-centuries. During this period the new scientific knowledge is increasingly accepted concerning biological sex, gender, and sexuality, under which the belief that men and women are biologically different emerges. As the acceptance of this discovery grew it creates a new cultural system of proper behavior for men and women, and new constructions of gender. Through the change in the gender/sex system, Rousseau’sRead MoreGender And Gender : A Sociological Perspective On A Clearer Perception Of The Philosophy And Professional Objectives2099 Words   |  9 Pagesa controversial issue for debate, one of the methods of the gender classification by society is through the concept of gender being biologically determined. This essay explores gender in a clearer perception of the philosophy and professional objectives to develop a foundation for deeper analytical studies. The assumptions made that gender is biologically determined is rebutted when applied to the case of intersexuality and transgender. As gender is a prà ©cised ecclesiastical constructionist paradigmRead MoreWhat Has Westernisation Influenced Perceptions Of Motherhood Within Latin American Society?974 Words   |  4 PagesMaternal love and Womanhood: to what extent is Motherhood the product of socially constructed norms and what are the means of the construction of the maternal figure? Motherhood as a social construct in general: Since the beginning of time, motherhood has been seen as synonymous with womanhood and the female experience. The female body has set out women’s role as one of child-rearing and constricted them to a biologically defined role. It is only recently that researchers have explored the notionRead MoreGender Is Not So Much Determined By God Nor By Biology Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesthat’s expected of from one’s allocated gender is not biologically processed. Instead it is a result of social modification. In this essay, one particular theme will be used in order to demonstrate that gender is not so much determined by God nor by biology. Firstly the terms ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ will be defined before the relationship between them is explored in relation to the theme chosen. Secondly evidence that shows that gender is socially constructed will be discussed. The theme that shall be

Corporate Social Responsibility and Apples Business...

Apple and CSR Apple Inc. was established in 1976 with the launch of Apple I in April 1976. The creators, Steve Job and Steve Wozniak, transformed the entire consumer interactive experience between the user and the computer by being the pioneers in this field. For two decades, Apple Inc ruled the computer manufacturing frontier for two decades. However, it did face low sales and market share in the 1990s. Steve Jobs had left the firm in the 1980s and returned in 1996 as the Chief Executive Officer. He brought about a revolution in the electronics music industry with the invention of the Ipod in 2001. He aimed for innovative products with simple, unique designs that offered a user friendly interface. In 2007, Apple again created a novel segment in the American market with the initiation of the iPhone. The first tablet gadget was released in 2010 and made headway in the international market as well. With Apple being in the limelight, questions were cast towards the degree of responsibility it was und ertaking to contribute to the welfare of society. In order to understand the essence of Corporate Social Responsibility, it may help in knowing where the concept originated from. Adam Smith, a late 18th century philosopher and economist with Scottish origin, penned sundry articles on this discipline. His most famous work is the renowned The Wealth of Nations where he champions the economic models of free trade and the free market. He advocated the allocation of resources throughShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of Moving Production Overseas1507 Words   |  7 Pagesnot place a high value on the safety and wellbeing of their employees as companies due in developed countries, such as the United States. Responsibility of Supply Chain It is imperative for today’s multi-national corporations to not only monitor supply channels for human rights violations but to act on those violations and if necessary discontinue those business relationships. In the current global age, poor working conditions in a factory can become global news almost instantaneously. For exampleRead MoreWalmart s More Recent Activity1083 Words   |  5 PagesSecond, Walmart’s more recent activity also points to effective CSR practices. These efforts have included a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions along its entire supply chain, ceasing business with factories that violated labor laws, as well as â€Å"financial contributions in kind, such as investments in education, health, commitments to fight hunger, support for local farmers and access to healthier and affordable food† (Torres, Garcia-French, Hordijk, Nguyen 2012, p. 25). 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Companies must attract and retain theRead MoreCorporate Ethical And Social Responsibility996 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate Ethical and Social Responsibility – Apple Company Apple Company is one of the largest manufacturers of computers and electronics. â€Å"Apple Company was founded on April 1, 1976, by college dropouts Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who brought forth a new company vision of changing the way people, viewed computers† (Library of Congress, 2008). The ethical and social responsibility of Apple Company should have started with its inception; however, it did not. It was not until years later with theRead MoreEthics And Social Responsibilities Violations941 Words   |  4 Pages CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY 6 Apple assured the families there would be a regularly follow-up to ensure the suppliers were honoring the company’s commitment to keep the children in their school of choice and uphold their financial obligations (Supplier Responsibility at Apple, 2013). The Impact of the Publication of Ethics and Social Responsibilities Violations on Apple’s R eputation Apple’s reputatio n has been tainted due to the publication of ethics and social responsibilities violations.Read MoreApple, Inc. : An American International Corporation Essay718 Words   |  3 PagesStates dollar seem mediocre. Making it difficult to manage. (Long, 2016) Apple’s Inc. achievement is partially due to their capability to reassure stakeholders and corporate social responsibilities (CSR) the status of the company. Occasionally, stakeholder groups enforce mandates that interpret as corporate social responsibilities, in which it can influence performance. In Apple’s situation, stakeholders knowingly affect the business in terms of customer view and sales revenues. Since Apple, Inc. is continuallyRead MoreEthical Sourcing And The Supply Chain1611 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious components of their operations outside of the country. As firms are thrusted into the global marketplace and transformed into multinational corporations (MNCs), new challenges arise related to the differences/disparity in corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices between countries (Chandler Werther Jr., 2014; Cruz, 2013). Globalization has increased companies need to consider the importance and strategic value of CSR (Chandler Werther Jr., 2014; Cruz, 2013). At the forefront of internationalRead MoreApples Ethical Practices3897 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿Apples Ethical, Social, and Environmental Standards and Practices Business ethics, social, and environmental guidelines frame the expectations of an organizations stakeholders including customers, employees, and regulatory bodies. An organizations ethical guidelines encompass how the organization and its employees embody ethical principles in their dealings, with each other, and other stakeholders. Therefore, Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Farrell (2008) have defined Business ethics as The principlesRead MoreThe Ethical Claims Of Apple1093 Words   |  5 Pagesevaluate the ethical claims of Apple. Business Ethics can be defined as the investigation of appropriate business policies and works on with respect to conceivable questionable issues, for example, corporate administration, inside exchange, bribery, corporate social obligation and guardian obligations (Investopedia.com, 2015). Apple is well known by its ethical claims that are environmental responsibility and labour rights. However, there are condemnations of Apple’s not living up its claims . NeverthelessRead MoreEthical Implications Of Ethical Consumerism1552 Words   |  7 Pages‘knowing’ leads to abuse and exploitation.† It can be seen as a drastic measure to end corporate abuse, environmental violation and pollution, human slavery, etc. Some people see it as another way for businesses to manipulate a market of concerned consumers who are willing to spend more money purchasing ethically sourced goods. There are different contextual frameworks of what ethical consumerism could mean to a business hence, it is imperative to simplify the concept. Simply put, the entire point of

Comparison Paragraph Free Essays

In the short story â€Å"Two Kinds† by Amy Tan, with the use of epiphany and turning points the reader is able to see the protagonist’s growth and change in personality throughout the story. The protagonist, Jing-Mei and her mother emigrated from China to the US, thus the family struggled in adapting to the new culture and lifestyle. Heavily influenced by the opportunities and hopes with a new life in US, Jing-Mei’s mother wanted Jing-Mei to become a prodigy like the other girls on television. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison Paragraph or any similar topic only for you Order Now Jing-Mei was determined and eager to prove to her mother she was a prodigy, and thereby had full confidence in herself. She believed â€Å"[her] mother and father would adore [her and she’d be] beyond reproach. † (pg4). As Jing-Mei’s mother quizzed Jing-Mei with countless questions and tests, Jing-Mei started getting frustrated by her mother’s disappointments and â€Å"something inside [her] began to die† (pg 5). But at the same time when she stood in front of the mirror â€Å"the girl staring back at [her] was angry, powerful. † (pg 5) and she saw â€Å"what seemed to be [a] prodigy inside of [her]† (pg 5). Jing-Mei’s mother then encouraged Jing-Mei to play piano and perform in a talent show. When Jing-Mei’s turn came, she was confident and thought â€Å"without a doubt, that the prodigy inside of [her] really did exist† (pg 7). However, as she started playing â€Å"[she] was surprised when [she] hit the first wrong note. And then hit another and another† (pg 7). In the end, Jing-Mei’s performance was nothing like she expected she â€Å"felt the shame of [her] mother and father as they sat stiffly through the rest of the show† (pg 7). After the talent show, Jing-Mei’s was devastated and decided she was never going to play piano anymore; she could never be the prodigy or daughter her mother wants her to be. As a consequence Jing-Mei starts to follow her own path, she â€Å"did not believe [that she] could be anything [she] wanted to be, [she] could only be [her]† (pg 9). She blamed most of her misery on her mother. This this significance change in attitude portrays profoundly how turning points in life alters a person’s perspective and persona. Short story â€Å"The Stolen Party† by Liliana Hecker similarly shows how turning points can change in the way a person view things and their initial personality. In â€Å"Stolen Party† the protagonist, Rosaura just like Jing-Mei had full confidence in herself. She believed she was invited to a party as a guest, she firmly declares â€Å"[she’s] been invited because Luciana is [her] friend† (pg 11). However, her mother, who is a maid for Luciana’s family warns Rosaura that Luciana â€Å"is not [her] friend† (pg 11) and that Rosaura is only recognized as the ‘maid’s daughter’. Her mother also advises Rosaura not to go the part because it’s a â€Å"rich people’s party† (pg 11). Rosaura disregards her mother and attends the party anyways. At the party, Rosaura is treated like a guest and asked to participate in the activities, she also received a delightful compliment from the magician. This made Rosaura proud and encouraged. When the party ended, Senora Ines were gaving out pink and blue bags to the the guests at the party. Roasaura expected Senora Ines to also hand her the goodie, but when it was her turn â€Å"Senora Ines didn’t look in the pink bag. Nor did she look in the blue bag. Instead she rummaged in her purse. In her hand appeared two bills. † (pg 14). Rosaura has an epiphany, she realizes she wasn’t invited as a guest to the party, but rather as a servant to help out like a â€Å"[Senora Ines’] pet† (pg 14). Just like Jing-Mei, Rosaura’s perspective changes instantly. She suddenly understands what her mother has been trying to teach her and is now well aware of her position and social status, and so she â€Å"instinctively press herself against her mother’s body† (pg 14) for support. This shows the difference in her initial personality. In conclusion, in â€Å"Two Kinds† and â€Å"The Stolen Party† the protagonist’s turning points and epiphanies play a significant role in the altering of their perspective and persona. How to cite Comparison Paragraph, Papers

Macroeconomic Stability and Financial Stability

Question: Discuss about the Macroeconomic Stability and Financial Stability. Answer: Introduction The monetary aspects and financial policies are considered as the strengthening pillar for the development and growth of the country. The stable procedure followed by the country will be helpful in generating the suitable options for the growth in all the respects. To manage the economy of the country, two factors are taken into consideration that are known as the macro-economic factors and micro-economic factor. The macro economic factors are considered in the wider discussion and the country which is opting for the discussion of this report is Singapore. The economy of Singapore has changed rapidly since year 1965. There are various ups and downs that are observed by the economy in different forms. The reason for the change in the economy is due to the high involvement of the country in chemicals, petroleum products, biomedical and electronics. It is considered that different domains are always measured as the key source for the growth and development. The report shown below is mainly helpful in showing the contribution of macroeconomics in the development and success of the country i.e. Singapore. To discuss this topic, the major sections which are covered in this report are identified as the role of macro economy in the country, economic statistics and policies, support and role of government, recommendations and at last it ends with a conclusion. Role of Macro Economy in Country The macroeconomic plays prominent role in the economic stability and persistence outlook of the country. The growth rate of the country will increase by the help of this which will also help in providing the suitable exposure widely. The economy will also get strengthened on the international and global level too. It is clearly defined that the macro economy of the country is loaded with the changes which can help in managing unemployment, growth aspects and also reduces the GDP. The macroeconomic aspects assists in contributing and coordinating in a suitable way. The proper growth aspects related to the macro economy are shown below with different perspectives and years of development (Team, 2016). In the year 2010, the wide range of changes is observed in the economic structure of Singapore. Year 2009 is considered as the recession year, which was not at all helpful in providing the suitable assistance, but in the year 2010, the macro economy provides different opportunities in performing suitable improvement in the country (Econs Team, 2014). In the year 2011, the macroeconomic aspects of the country established their appropriate identity in the local as well as the international market. The inflation rose to 2.8% and the improvement in the global food and oil policies helps in the growth of global market. By the help of this, the trends of trade and market position of the labor can easily be observed on the primary level. The generation of the profit with the help of the trade is also improved in a suitable equilibrium. In the year 2012 and 2013, the macroeconomic aspects help in managing the most promising aspects related to the GDP and inflation in the country. Though, the other balancing of account sheet and the weak banking system of the Singapore appears as the hindrance in the growth of the company. But, still some aspects of improvement are continuously observed on the large scale. The macro economy also helps in the housing schemes and asset market inflation in the right direction. The stabilization and financial aspects gets strengthened during this year. The controlling and monitoring aspects also get improved during this year (Morgan, 2011). Finally, the year 2014-2016 helps in framing the suitable technological image of the macro economy in the existing market. The global finance structure and formation of the advanced and repaired bank sheet can also be formed with the help of the macroeconomic structure. This will definitely help in changing the current form of the economic aspects in the country. Economic Statistics and Policies The wide range of statistics and policies are observed in the Singapore which are helpful in improving the existing condition of the economy in the country. The statistics and policies are defined for the long term and also expand to the economic growth and development of the country. According to the recent statistical analysis of the country, the GDP of the country is expanding with the rapid rate and it becomes just doubled eventually. From the year 2010 to 2016, the GDP of the country rises from approx $ 163 to $ 304. By this improvement, the other factors related to it are also getting influenced. The real GDP also increases with the compounded rate of about 12% and the increment in the employment also increased by 3%. This will also reduce the impact of unemployment and nearly 5% of the unemployment rate reduces with the major improvement in the aspects related to the macro economy in a complete sense. The economic reports and aspects revealed that the statistical improvement is observed in the fiscal policies too. Rather than following the cyclic approach in the fiscal policies, it is easier to maintain the long term economic growth. The consistencies in the fiscal aspects and the maintenance of suitable budget will be helpful in providing the suitable improvement in the domestic currency and foreign reserves of the country. The contribution and the participation of different domain in the macro economy of Singapore is defined below in the form of a pie chart. Apart from this, the statistical growth is also observed in a simultaneous manner. The growth perspectives will become more elaborate and well-framed with the strategic contribution of the macro economy. Other than the statistical views and analysis, the policies and procedures are also managed by the organizations in Singapore. There is a wide range of private and semi-government organizations that come up with the suitable policies. These policies are mainly defined for the improvement and modification of the existing structure related to the economy of Singapore. The list of policies with their specific support is defined below: - One of the major policy is propounded by the MAS (Monetary Authority of Singapore) in which the higher support is diverted towards the liberalization of the banking and marketing domain. With the help of this policy, the mode of foreign entry will increase and the most suitable assistance will also be propounded for the new business policies. Apart from this, the MAS also emphasize on the consultative approach, in which the decisions are taken by the appropriate strategic planning and the employees also contribute in this revolutionary change (Singapore, 2016). According to one of the evidence, it is identified that the strategic approach towards the managerial aspects will be helpful in improving the current financial status of the country. The suitable coordination of the employees policies will be helpful in defining various initiatives on a wide scale. These initiatives contribute to the political and macroeconomic stability and will assist in bringing a dynamic change very soon. Similar to the MAS, MDD (Monetray and Domestic Market Segment Department) is also identified as the organization which helps in forming suitable aspects related to the trade and economic growth. The basic monetary policy decision and the monetary perspectives are identified with the help of MDD (Dudley, 2015). The supply side policies are also considered widely. These policies are identified for the suitable accumulation and coordination of the resources. It may also help in the technical advancements and combining of capital stock. The continuous rise in the labor productivity is also observed with the help of this policy. These tools will be helpful in improving the macroeconomic condition of the Singapore. All these defined policies are helpful in managing the major aspects related to the Singapore in every possible mode. There are also some changes which are continuously observed in the suitable policies in the instant manner. These changes are considered in making the positive changes in the proper direction, which may also manage the flow of work specifically. Support of Government The government is supporting Singapore in a more specific and advanced manner. There are various advanced and innovative techniques introduced for making proper strategy which may further help in defining the success of the country in the financial and monetary aspects. Being the most supportive backbone for the macroeconomic aspect, the government is supporting the development ventures related to the organizations. Some of the government support aspects are defined below with the proper description: - The framing of legislative framework is the most remarkable achievement of the Singapore government. This legislative framework will be helpful in providing the suitable rules and policies in the correct direction. For improving the exchange policies of export and import in the business, it is essential to identify the suitable rules and procedures (The Heritage Foundation, 2016). The allocation of a stable environment for the business is also considered as the primary responsibility of the government. The government is able to define proper perspectives for the monetary policies. By the help of this, the monetary policies are geared in the suitable manner and long term competitiveness is also defined for the improvement of the current economy. The suitable investment in the infrastructure and development of manpower is also measured with the help of the government. With the contribution of government, the growth rate increases with an alarming speed that will also help in the productivity as well (Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2009). The facilitation of business is also identified as the contribution of the government. The government is able to solve the issues related to the macro-economy with the help of the economic development board and the international enterprise Singapore (Industry, 2011). These governmental aspects are helpful in improving the business perspectives and the financial aspects on the wide level. Recommendations By observing the scenario defined above, it is clear to generate the suitable assumptions related to the macro economy easily. But, due to the rapid changes observed in the macro economy, it is required to apply some specific aspects by which the flow of process can be maintained in the correct direction and by this, the target for the financial aspects can easily be improved. Some of the major recommendations are defined below in the specific points: - The macro-economic aspects create a wide contribution in the existing economy of Singapore. So, it is essential to plan a suitable strategy in the correct direction. With this, the proper flow and execution can be maintained easily. It is also recommended that the implications for the suitable fiscal growth will be essential to be found out in the correct direction (Australia's Future tax System, 2016). It is also recommended that the suitable measurement of the fiscal aspects can be predetermined for the suitable growth perspectives. The recommendation is also well-defined for the government and policies made by them. For managing suitable policies, the accurate framing and suitable amendments are required in the appropriate track. Other than this, the assumptions and estimation for the suitable funds are essential to be identified. By this, the suitable contribution to the macro-economy can be done in the right way. Conclusion By considering different studies above and identifying the macro economy, it is identified that macro economy is the most important contributor to the development and success of any company. It is essential to highlight the major aspects of macro economy and make proper use of it. To make the success of the country possible, the acceptance of the rapid change should be high. If the existing economic structure of the Singapore will be flexible, then it can become likely to improve the existing market trends and policies. References Australia's Future tax System, 2016. Macroeconomic and fiscal impacts. In: Final Report: Taxreview, p. Chapter 11, Available at: https://taxreview.treasury.gov.au/content/FinalReport.aspx?doc=html/publications/papers/Final_Report_Part_1/chapter_11.htm Dudley, W., 2015. "Macroeconomic Stability and Financial Stability: Uncomfortable Bedfellows?". , Available at: https://www.mas.gov.sg/News-and-Publications/Speeches-and-Monetary-Policy-Statements/Speeches/2015/Macroeconomic-Stability-and-Financial-Stability.aspx Econs Team, 2014. Summary of Singapores macro-economic outlook 2007 2014. Available at: https://www.econs.com.sg/essay-writing/singapores-macro-economic-outlook-summary-2007-2014/ Industry, M. o. T. a., 2011. Economic Survey of Singapore: MTI, Available at: https://www.mti.gov.sg/ResearchRoom/SiteAssets/Pages/Economic-Survey-of-Singapore-2011/Ch5_AES2011.pdf Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2009. Economic Roles of Government. 31 March. Monetary Authority of Singapore , 2016. The Singapore Economy. The SGS Market, Available at: https://www.sgs.gov.sg/The-SGS-Market/The-Singapore-Economy.aspx Morgan, P., 2011. The Role of Macroeconomic Policy in Rebalancing Growth, Available at: https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/156121/adbi-wp266.pdf Team, F. E., 2016. Singapore Economic Outlook. Economic forecasts from the world's leading economists. Teo, A., 2013. Globalisation index ranks Singapore second, Available at: https://www.econs.com.sg/essay-writing/globalisation-impact-singapore/ The Heritage Foundation, 2016. Index of economic freedom: Singapore. The wall street journal.

Participant Observation of City Cultures Essay Example

Participant Observation of City Cultures Essay Ethnography has become a very popular approach to social research, alongside other kinds of qualitative work. It is the study of a way of life and was introduced by anthropologists who studied marginal or isolated cultures, such as the study of Trobriand Islands by Bronislaw Malinowski. Anthropologists believed it to be fundamental to get as close as possible to the societies they were investigating; hence, ethnography bears a close resemblance to the routine ways in which people make sense of the world in everyday life. Some researchers regard this as it basic strength; others see it as a fundamental weakness. Participant observation is a means of gathering information; it allows the researcher to experience the culture under examination. It is a research technique that has been adapted to meet the requirements of sociologists and is used frequently to gain detailed qualitative results. In its most characteristic, form it involves the ethnographer participating, overtly or covertly, in peoples daily lives for an extended period of time and collecting any data that concerns topic of the investigation. In overt observation, researchers declare their true identity and purpose whereas a covert participant observer is hidden or disguised. Some researchers argue that overt observation is the best way since it avoids participation in immoral or illegal behaviour. Furthermore, the investigator can freely ask questions without arousing suspicion. However, being open in a study may affect the behaviour of the participants as they may become more self-conscious. Thus, covert observation is less likel y to disrupt the situation being observed since the researcher appears to be another member of the group, for example, a certain researcher, William Chambliss, had to maintain secrecy when conducting a study of an organised crime; if his true identity was revealed the crime may have been prevented. However, this does question the ethnicity of the study since informed consent is not given. In either case, observation can work well in situations where there is no pre-selected sample population and where the behaviour in question is hidden or deviant. We will write a custom essay sample on Participant Observation of City Cultures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Participant Observation of City Cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Participant Observation of City Cultures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ethnography aims to shed light on the meanings and intentions behind social behaviour. In this investigation I wish to study the Piccadilly train station which is based in the Manchester city centre. I have picked this urban space because it is a place which depending on what day and time I choose, can be a very busy environment which could contain active and dynamic participants. I have decided to carry out my study on a Friday evening for an hour, as this would be a busy time in the train station; both students and employed adults may be travelling back home. Moreover, it is a safe environment in which I can remain concealed since I wish to carry out a covert observation. I will study the main foyer of the train station as a site for cultural inquiry. For example, to what extent are youth subcultures a form of resistance to the socio-economic circumstances of young working-class people? Since it is a public space for cultural identities to meet, combine or even come into conflict, I wish to see whether this participant observation reveals cultures of marginal or deviant groups. Result of observation Train stations are an everyday aspect in many peoples lives and since I carried out my study on a Friday evening at approximately seven oclock, it was a very busy time. The train station is a form of public service and is open and available to anyone who is wishing to travel; it is not religiously or educationally bound in any way. Piccadilly train station is a large station; it contains various high street stores, supermarkets, food places and bars. However, I was observing the actual train area, so in terms of interaction, participants communicated with those they knew. Apart from that, participants interacted with staff members when purchasing tickets or making enquiries. Predominantly, I identified two main categories in which my participants fell into; there were a large number of students and also many working adults. Any children present seemed to be accompanied by adults. Many students were on the own but there were also small groups of them. Whilst waiting in queues or for the trains, I noticed that a lot of students used their phones; if they were not engaged in calls, they were probably just browsing or text messaging. It seemed as they were quick to get bored whereas most of the adults were content with the waiting. I also noticed that more females, particularly the working adults were carrying books and magazines, presumably for their journeys; however, I did not see any males holding any reading material. There were cultural roles visible in the train station. I noticed a series of actions that most of the participants seemed to be following. I found that as soon as participants entered the station, most of them went to the large screens to view the allocated train times. This area was also a meeting point for a lot of the groups of students. Next, participants would purchase their tickets; most of them went and joined long queues, few would go over to the purchasing machines but this was quite rare. There were two queues, one for those who were travelling on that day, and one for future travels. Both were very long, the former queue being significantly longer than the latter. Finally, participants either caught their trains or waited for their arrivals. Some participants spent their time waiting by going into the supermarkets or getting food, one group of students went to the bar, but the majority of participants waited in the waiting area. The general norms of behaviour in the station were everyday aspects such as queuing and the general politeness strategies in conversation between participants and staff members. Since it was busy in the station at that time, many people were rushing which caused participants to push by each other, thus frequent apologies were made although there was an incident when a male participant accidentally pushed by an old female participant, nearly knocking her over and did not stop to apologise. This was noticed by other participants as well and comments were being made on how that was rude. This was the first form of deviance I noticed in this study. Another occasion where the norm of behaviour was violated was when two young female participants cleverly pushed into the queue. This was noticed by the female participant they pushed in front of, but she remained quiet even though it seemed to bother her. A final incident occurred when a large group of participants both male and female, presu mably students, became rather loud in the main foyer of the station; they attracted a lot of attention from other participants. They began to disrupt the public crowd as they were becoming boisterous, eventually security guards told them to quieten down or leave; they left shortly after. Conclusion When playing my role as an observer, I was quite confident in what I was doing. I was not bothering anyone and I did not interact with anyone at any time during the study. Since the environment I was in was extremely busy and most of the participants were rushing around the area, I was not noticed by anyone; I was able to blend in with the environment I was in. When considering my results, certain questions as to whether this account of behaviour is considered valid, or whether another researcher would observe the activity in the same way. This leads to many methodological problems with this observation. This process of investigation is one that is dependent on the role and position observer adopts while observing. Those who employ a participant strategy could overplay their role and affect the groups behaviour. There is also the risk of going native where they become more a full member of the group and less an observer. Thus, valid interpretation is a crucial requirement to enable good observational sociology. A certain researcher, Stanley (1990) has stated: the project which drives the writing of ethnography is different from that which drives the doing of social life. Ethnographic description is actually not, and cannot be, literal description.1 Thus, observational studies may not be entirely free of biasing effects and the validity of this study can be questioned. Gilbert and Mulkay (1984) argue that: no one interpretation of social action can be better than another whatever method is used to record or observe it because all social actions have numerous meanings, each created by and dependent on the interactive context in which it is constructed.2 Hence, this takes into account that my study and its results were unique in their own right. Conversely, some researchers, especially those who support the use of positivist methods may view participant observation as unscientific since the findings cannot be checked because the study cannot be replicated; some may view it as a subjective research method rather than an objective one. Additionally, ethical issues arise since no informed consent was given, as this study was a covert observation. In regards to deviant behaviour and marginalisation, there was one focal group that broke the rules of the norms of behaviour. This may have been because the participants were in a group and so felt they had the power to be different; solidarity between the participants in the group added to their confidence and may have given them the ability to embrace a deviant culture. In reference to the incident when the two female participants queue-jumped, the reason the other female participant remained quiet may have been due to the social pressure the two females were giving; she may have felt intimidated by them. In order to find out whether youth sub-cultures forms are resistance to the norms of behaviour in particular social contexts, I would need to study urban spaces that may entail more interaction between the participants themselves. In the train station, much of the activity was patterned which illustrates that a norm of behaviour has already been established in this environment. Culturally, there were unsaid rules that the participants followed; nevertheless there will always be some forms of deviance within society.

Saint Hippolytus of Rome essays

Saint Hippolytus of Rome essays Hippolytus of Rome was one of the most prominent 3rd-century theologians in the Christian Church in Rome. He was born in 170 C.E. and died in 235 C.E. in Sardinia. Even though the exact place of his birth is unknown, it can be inferred that he was indeed probably born in Rome or is of Eastern descent. Hippolytus became a member of the Roman clergy and became a notable writer for the church. He was extremely talented in writing and learning, which won over the church easily. His intellect was known to exceed that of the bishops, who he refuted and showed no mercy. Hippolytus was one of the last Christian authors in Rome to write in Greek. He was often considered to be a student of Saint Irenaeus in Gaul since they both were passionate in heresy or difference of opinions. Especially since he wrote Kata pason haireseon elenkhos or The Refutation of all Heresies, it is regarded to as one of his chief works. The work consists of ten books in total. Books one through four describe the Greek philosophy, religion, and the variety of Gnosticism systems that arose from these pagan sources. In his last book he even provides a history of the Jewish chronology and explains orthodox Christian faith. Gnosticism was the important unorthodox movement of the 2nd-century Christian Church, partly of pre-Christian origin. Gnostic doctrine taught that the world was created and ruled by a lesser divinity, the demiurge, and that Christ was an emissary of the remote supreme divine being, esoteric knowledge (gnosis) of whom enabled the redemption of the human spirit . He discouraged the easing of the penitential system which he thought was brought by the increase of pagan converts into the Church (New Catholic Encyclopedia). Hippolytus was an intellectual because he sought out heresies through enlightening himself. He focused on the Greco-Roman philosophers, magicians, astronomical tellers, and the mystery religion.' His studies of astronomy and astrolo...

Turnover intentions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Turnover intentions - Essay Example Retention and productivity levels of the existing workforce are an essential concern in human resource management. Employee turnover is one of the most studied aspects in organisational psychology (Mitra, Jenkins, & Gupta, 1992) and is of interest to other professionals, including personnel researchers, behavioural scientists, and management practitioners (Mobley, Griffeth, Hand, and Meglino, 1979). Employees may exit an organisation either voluntarily or involuntarily. For the purpose of this research, the criteria variable 'turnover intention' is defined as an individual's inclination to leave an organisation voluntarily (Dougherty, Bluedorn & Keon, 1985; Kiyak, Namazi & Kahana, 1997; Mobley, 1977; Stedham & Mitchell, 1996). Employees leave for a variety of reasons, some leave to escape negative work environments, some to enhance their career goals and some to pursue more attractive opportunities (Roseman, 1981). Involuntary turnover is usually employer initiated, where the organisation believes the employee does not match its requirement. Involuntary turnover can also include death; mandatory retirements and ill health which can be a part of the voluntary separation In literature, turnover intention has been identified as the immediate precursor for turnover behaviour (Mobley, Horner & Hollingsworth, 1978; Tett & Meyer, 1993). It has been recognised that the identification of variables associated with turnover intentions is considered an effective strategy in reducing actual turnover levels (Maertz & Campion, 1998). Consequences of Employee Turnover An employee's exit from an organisation is a direct cost, in the form of having to select, recruit, and train a new employee (Dalton, Todor, & Krackhardt 1982; Staw, 1980, Hall 1981). The exit also has indirect cost implications that include reduced morale, pressure on the remaining staff, costs of learning, and the loss of social capital (Des & Shaw, 2001). This assumption was popular in the research literature in the late 20th century (e.g. Herman 1997; White, 1995). One of the main consequences for organisations that have a high turnover is the financial cost. The total costs of employee turnover are hard to measure, in particular, the effects on the organisations' culture, employee morale, and social capital or loss of organisational memory (Des & Shaw 2001). The focus has been on the tangible costs associated with turnover in the areas of selection, recruitment, induction and training of new staff, learning costs and the cost of being short-staffed (Cascio, 1987; Cheng & Brown 1 998). The cost of losing a high performer who has a high degree of responsibility, or an employee who is employed in an area where there is a labour market shortage, can be substantial. Dalton & Rador (1986) have estimated the cost of turnover to an organisation has been on average one to one and a half times the employee's salary. Indeed, Clark-Rayner and Harcourt (2001) estimate the costs of external recruitment of personnel at a New Zealand bank to be NZ$4,500 for non-management cadre employees and NZ$12,500 for management cadre employees. In addition, turnover can have a negative impact on other employees by disrupting cohesiveness and increasing internal mobility, which can lead to triggering additional turnover (North, Rasmussen, Hughes, and Finlayson 2005). Turnover of employees may in itself triggers additional turnov

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio Essay - 3

Organizational Behavior in Axle Color Studio - Essay Example The employees are categorized based on the roles performed in the salon. Therefore, the Axle Color Studio workforce consists of two owners namely Jackie Williams and Alex Williams, 1 manager, 1 assistant manager, 5 stylists, and 3 assistants. Further, the team also found out that the workforce was homogenous consisting of 10 women and 2 men from different backgrounds. In addition, the age limit of all the employees was between 19 and 35 years old. Secondly, our team was able to point out several issues regarding how the organization motivates the workforce in the organization. The owners of Axle Color Studio motivate the employees through various methods that include setting and monitoring goals where employees are motivated to know that they can achieve specific goals that are set in the organization, setting performance standards associated with the career path and pay rise of employees and establishment of effective communication channels. The effective communication channels motivate the employees since they can freely communicate to the management in addition to providing a platform for effective conflict resolution in the workplace. Lastly, our team found out that the organization also faces different types of conflicts like other big organization. Through the interview contacted in the organization, Alex and Jackie informed our team that the most common form of conflict in the organization is the relationship conflict. However, the owners of Axle Color Studio were quick to point out that the conflict emanated mostly from personal relationships outside the business. The other type of conflict identified was task conflict where the content of work overlaps with each other. In this case, Alex and Jackie pointed out that there were low levels of task conflict within their organization.

The Role Of Hybridization In Speciation Biology Essay

The Role Of Hybridization In Speciation Biology Essay Charles Darwin had published, The origin of species by natural selection, using his lifes discoveries and analysis to define what a species is and how species originate follow through as a contentious debate especially in the study of evolutionary biology. The study of evolution helps us to understand what species are by loosely idealizing it as alien till one feeds on their hunger to gain knowledge about what has created the world and the extant and extinct varieties that have claimed it, including man. Many different species are discussed and debated continuously, with each one being weighed by pros and cons which can also be seen as the strong point to either validate the concept or a short -fall to nullify it. The most accepted definition of current is Mayrs biological species concept, according to Coyne Orr (2004) who have accepted nine species concepts (Claridge et al, 1997). Mayrss biological species concept places the evolution of complete reproductive isolation as the focal point of the process and nature of speciation (Mayr, 2002), the biological species concept was the solid basis of which he based his belief in gene flow being absent in some species, a decreased fitness level to certain hybrids. It is believed that the emergent species would infrequently form from the process in question according to Mayr (2002). Hybrid speciation implies that hybridization has had a principal role in the origin of a new species, hybrid species that have doubled their chromosome number (Mallet, 2007), the definition applies: 50% contributions from each derived species initially contain exactly one genome from each parent, although, in older polyploids, recombination and gene conversion may eventually lead to unequal contributions (Mallet, 2007). The factor which is critical in hybrid speciation is due to being reproductively isolated with a decreased fitness-level; therefore these progeny formed are of transitional then it is more likely to be more weakly reproductively isolated. Speciation can also be influenced by hybridization by the factor of reinforcement, this means that obstacles in reference to mating because of unfit hybrids being chosen, even-though progeny from this relationship does not form from the courtship, the scenario is questionable as to whether reinforcement can be looked at as hybrid spe ciation. An example of this that can be discussed is the diploid or triploid frog Rana esculenta which is complete heterozygous for Rana lessonae and Rana ridibunda genomes (Mallet, 2007; TunnerNopp, 1979). Poly-, Allopoly- and Homoploidy, is it all just about how you do It? Plants use the means of polyploid evolution; these species are reproductively isolated due to the process of mating with diploid mates which give rise to uneven ploidies of progeny like triploids. These progeny may be able to reproduce but these progeny would cease to exist due aneuploidy (Stebbins, 1971; Grant, 1981; Ramsey Schemske, 2002) polyploidy is a simple way of creating speciation. Bisexually polypoid speciation is highly prevalent in plants as compared to animals due to: plants usually have indeterminate growth and somatic chromosome doubling can lead to germline polyploidy, germline refers to the sex cells that an organism contains which is sperm, egg and pollen in plants. Plants are often perennial or temporarily clonal which allow multigenerational persistence of hybrid cells within which polyploid mutations occur; plants are more often hermaphrodites, in rare polyploids self-fertilization allows a means of sexual reproduction (Mallet, 2007). Gene flow is weaker in pla nts as compared to animals with local populations which have unusual ploidy ( Bullini, 1994; OttoWhitton, 2000; Astaurov, 1969). Speciation can occur by the process of duplication of chromosomes within a species or duplication of hybrids (Mallet, 2005) between an autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy, respectively. Allopolyploid speciation follows self-fertilization and gives rise to a tetraploid; this can be seen from studies on Primula kewensis which was a result of Primula verticillata and Primula floribunda which had cultivated diploid hybrids. Speculation had lead to the belief that fusion of unreduced gametes had caused this due to the failure in reduction divisions during meiosis. A triploid species, known to be sterile, may add to the production of tetraploids by progeny being back-crossing triploid gametes; this was used to produce the first bisexual self-sustaining animal in a laboratory which was a polypoid strain hybrid between silk moths: Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina (Astaurov.B.L, 1969; Mallet.J, 2005). Homoploid hybrid speciation is well known to angiosperms, also known as flowering plants. Speciation occurs by mean of sympatry, a hybridization which requires gene flow. This is hybrids need to overcome challenges such as chromosome and gene incompatabilies with the lack of reproductive isolation, this often renders the process unlikely. There are approximately twenty plant species which are known for being a good example of homoploids however, this plant is hardly detected due to prevalence. Helianthus anomalus, Helianthus deserticola and Helianthis paradoxus are the best documented desert sunflowers which come from hybrids between mesic-adapted Helianthus annuus and Helianthus petiolaris (Buerkle et al, 2000; Gross Rieseberg, 2005; Mallet, 2007). Synthetic hybrid populations are re-created; being similar to those of wild species due to selection continuously favors combinations of compatible chromosomal rearrangements. In Helianthus recombinant genotypes and spatial separation hav e enabled the hybrids to flourish where their parents are absent (Mallet, 2005). In animals, bisexual polyploids are often excluded, the homoploid hybrids are less prominent in animals yet there is no given reason. The number in animals is growing rapidly (Dowling Secor, 1997; Gross Rieseberg, 2005). A recent example is the invasive sculpin, a hybrid fish derived from the Scheldt River (compare Cottus perifretum) and upper tributaries of the Rhine (compare Cottus rhenanum) (Mallet, 2007). Upper river tributaries of Europe have normal conditions of clear, cold waters, which make them oxygen-rich, for Sculpins. Earlier canal building became connected and these are a result of The Rhine and Scheldt rivers, but invasive sculpins appeared in the warmer water and muddier lower Rhine only in the past fifteen years. Morphologically the invasive sculpin is intermediate and its mitochondrial DNA, as well as nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellites, are characteristic of b oth Scheldt and Rhine forms (Mallet, 2007; Nolte et al., 2005). This provides evidence of adaptive hybrid origin hence communicating that hybrids are displaying positive selective pressure. Hybrid speciation in the animal kingdom results thus far by data based on the respective genome. The disadvantages is that many homoploid hybrids fail to be present in the parent, secondly a decreased level of being reproductively isolated, however, contributing to maintaining or expanding ecologically with latest forms (Mallet, 2007). Importance of a future Innumerable discussions and journals of speciation have stressed the importance of reproductive compatabilities and isolation that occur due to physical and geological barriers; from this essay one can see that polyploidy is more dominant in plants but found to be rare in animals. Furthermore, at the root of many animal and plant groups ancient polyploidy has been found. Genome duplications probably facilitated the evolution of complex organisms (although this is debated) (Mallet, 2007; Otto Whitton, 2000), and we can infer that successful genome duplications were mostly allopolyploid, provided that limited plant community data are reliable (Grant, 1981; Brochman et al., 2004; Mallet, 2007). In my opinion, hybridization can be viewed as an effective catalyst for speciation to occur as it creates variation as in the case of the liger, apart from mutations, which according to the Molecular Clock hypothesis, occurs at a constant rate over time. The process of natural selection includes the need for gene variety which can then be complemented with hybridization also, the compatibility of species more suitably in more noticeably growing groups; suggesting that enough suspected animal homoploid hybrid species exist. A need for in depth genomic analyses is required, it is already possible for hybrid species, like the Helianthus, which can be developed and made accessible via the laboratory or grown naturally, making it hard to find another speciation mode documented historically and can be used experimentally easily. If hybrid species can adapt to survive, showing positive selection pressure, regardless of the challenges which are faced and to survive in competition with the parent organisms by completely new adaptations then will hybridization truly demonstrate the power of evolution through the years, starting a completely new train of thought which will spark more questions hence more research into this wide unknown. The ability of hybrid species to invade hitherto unoccupied niches also means that hybridization can contribute to adaptive radiations such as African cichlid fish and Darwins finches (Mallet, 2007). Humans have come up with uses of genetically modified crops and other ways in which to manipulate the gene and species of not only plants but animals too, therefore it can be said that Homo sapiens are in fact the invaders of Earth, not hybridization of species.

Business Intergration Essay

New IT developments are important to all business disciplines because they trigger changes in marketing operations, e-commerce, logistics, human resources, finance, accounting, and relationships with customers and business partners. Nothing about business or corporate strategy is untouched by IT (Turban & Volonino, 2011). The five elements of an IT-enabled business strategy Business strategy| * Contains the mission, vision, and objectives of the organization * States the company’s market strategy * Describes the unique value proposition the company offers customers * Provides the distinct value configuration of the organization| Business expectations of IT| * Describes how the company might expect IT to contribute to the success of the * business * Possible business expectations of IT include delivering better value, reducing costs, * or improving products and services| IT strategy| * Provides information on IT applications * Describes how to develop the competencies of the people who work in IT * States how IT is to be organized and controlled within the company * Describes the technical infrastructure| IT assessment| * Aims to reveal how technology helps or hinders a business * Can include network and systems performance reviews, software audits, and * concept testing and development * Can include strategic evaluations, technical reviews, and risk management * Should recommend how to use technology to meet business goals| IT plans| * Outlines a company’s long-term IT plans * Is concerned with how IT should be deployed, managed, and implemented in the * future * Should be cost effective and in line with business goals| What are the advantages of aligning business and IT strategies? There are many advantages when an organization IT strategies are aligned with the organizations business strategies. Information technology is a key business function in almost every successful organization. An effective IT strategy will enable businesses to: * Reduce cost; * Standardize processes; * Enhance productivity; * Improve risk control mechanism; * Implement new business strategies; * Facilitate organic and acquisition driven growth; * Gain competitive advantage by exploiting new technology; Other benefits of the alignment of IT and business strategy is automation, knowledge, organizational improvements, and innovation. Automation can result in increased efficiency while decreasing cost. Knowledge in IT is the ability of an organization to collect, store, process, and disseminate information. The benefit of knowledge gained from IT is cost reduction, greater efficiency, and increased revenues. IT also leads to organizational improvements which usually lead to more decentralized leadership structure which improves the overall effectiveness of the organization. Proper alignment of IT and business strategy can make an organization stand out and look different from its competitors. This alignment can provide a competitive advantage for an organization. How does IT deliver business benefits that are related to the business strategy? IT delivers business benefit by performing high-speed, high volume, and numerical computation. IT provides fast, accurate communication and collaboration unrestricted by time and location. IT gives organizations the ability to store huge amounts of information that is accessible via private networks and the internet. In addition it enables automation of routine decisions making and help facilitate complex decision making. IT also improves the ability to make informed decisions. IT also helps to facilitate collaboration, enhance customer relationships, develop new analytic capabilities, and provide feedback on performance. Reference Turban, E., & Volonino, L. (2011). Information Technology for Management (8th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

Passing of Risk

In all legal system the passing of risk in sold goods is a big problem and an important event in the sale of goods. Once the buyer acquires risk, he become liable for the price even if the goods are lost or damaged. The financial risk of and responsibility for damage or destruction when property is being transferred between a buyer and a seller. The risk includes Peril, danger, the chance of loss or injury. Liability for injury, loss, or damage, by statute placed upon the manufacturer rather than the consumer, should it happen from normal use of a product. The Uniform Commercial Code uses a contractual approach in allocating the risk of loss and assumes that the risk is upon the seller until some event occurs that shifts the risk to the buyer. Where the goods are identified and the contract authorizes the seller to ship the goods by carrier, the event necessary to shift the risk of loss is dependent upon whether the contract is a â€Å"shipment† or â€Å"destination† contract. Where the contract does not require the transfer of the goods by carrier, risk of loss passes to the buyer upon the taking of physical possession if the seller is a merchant, otherwise risk passes on tender of delivery, unless an agreement to the contrary is made. The phrase is also an insurance term denoting the hazards and perils that an insured is protected against, i. e. , the contingencies or unknown events that are contemplated by the insured and that are covered by the insurance policy. Under English law that is the sale of goods, act 1979 the general rule is that risk passes along with property though there are exceptions to this. The U. N. Sale of Goods Convention, 1980, is silent on the role of the parties' intention in the passing of risk; nevertheless, the same rule emerges from the whole tenor of the Convention. The civil law applies the rule that the risk falls on the owner of the goods. The U. C. C. provides that risk of loss passes to the buyer when the goods are delivered to the carrier: sect. 2-509(1)(a). In the case of CIF or FOB (vessel) contract, the seller need only put the goods into the custody of the carrier and at that point the risk of loss during carriage passes to the buyer. The Vienna convention also contains provisions relating to passing of risk. The consequence of the passing of risk from seller to buyer are passing of risk from seller to buyer are no different from those found in English domestic law. Article 66 of Vienna convention is substantively similar as Article 96 of ULIS. The UNCITRAL adopted to provide a uniform law for the international sale of goods. It focuses on the function of the contract between parties. And also addresses the issue of who bears the risk of loss on a simple point-to-point sale. The multiple sales creates problem in transfer goods. A solution is needed for the problem. In the context of risk, the principal aspect of the problem of risk is whether the buyer is bound to pay the price although the goods are lost or damaged. In German jurisprudence this aspect of the risk problem is called preisgefahr. In Art 96 of ULIS where the risk has passed to the buyer, he shall pay the price notwithstanding the loss or deterioration of the goods. The provisions on the passing of the risk in INCOTERMS are said to be founded on the same concept, but do not contain an express reference to the price. The UCC and Comecon conditions refrain from defining the risk as denoting price risk. The true character of the concept of risk is not treated as the meaning price risk. In another cases the reference to risk cannot denote the price risk because the defaulter, if he is the buyer, will rarely have to pay the price; the normal remedies against him are of compensatory character such as damages, compensation or a penalty. It’s something really confusing. The trade terms developed by international usage, such as the Comecon conditions, the ECE conditions, and the UCC, treat the concept of the risk in that general manner. In the ULIS, already observed in Art96 refers to the price risk. This obeisance to antiquated doctrine does not, howevre, imply a real, substantial difference between ULIS and the other international formulations, it only reveals an inelegantia juris in the draftsmanship of ULIS. A number of developing countries objected strenuously to the retroactive passing of risk provisions, and proposed that the risk pass at the conclusion of the contract. CONCLUSION However, the exact moment of the passing of risk under a contract of sale is of prime importance to the parties to a contract of carriage, because, in most cases, it determines who will suffer the consequences should loss or damage ensue. There are some exceptions also for this rule. When the seller fails to deliver the goods within the delay specified, they become at the seller's risk once the buyer gives notice to the seller of the latter's default. Another point is that the parties themselves can agree to detach the passing of risk from the passing of title.

Grade Grades The Most Important Predictors Of Future Math

Methodology Introduction As described in Chapter 1, the purpose of this study is to analyze which 5th grade teacher math inputs are the most important predictors of future math outcomes of 8th grade students. The research will be seen through the lens of an education production function. The research questions are as follows: †¢ To what extent do 5th grade teacher instructional practices predict 8th grade gains in mathematics of their students? †¢ To what extent do 5th grade teacher qualifications predict 8th grade gains in mathematics of their students? †¢ To what extent do 5th grade teacher professional development hours and perception of quality predict 8th grade gains in mathematics of their students? The purpose of this study is to explore and analyze which 5th grade teacher inputs are the most important predictors of future achievement of 8th grade math students in classrooms as measured by cognitive exam test scores. 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