Hesss Law Definition - Chemistry Glossary

Hesss law states that the energy change in an overall chemical reaction is equal to the sum of the energy changes in the individual reactions comprising it. In other words, the enthalpy change of a chemical reaction (the heat of reaction at constant pressure) does not depend on the pathway between the initial and final states. The law is a variation of the first law of thermodynamics and conservation of energy. Importance of Hesss Law Because Hesss law holds true, its possible to break a chemical reaction into multiple steps and use the standard enthalpies of formation to find the overall energy of a chemical reaction. Standard enthalpy tables are compiled from empirical data, usually acquired using calorimetry. Using these tables, its possible to calculate whether or not a more complex reaction is thermodynamically favorable or not. Applications of Hesss Law In addition to calculating the enthalpy of a reaction rather than directly measuring it, Hesss law is used to: Find electron affinities based on theoretical lattice energy.Calculate heat change of phase transitions.Calculate heat change when a substance changes allotropes.Find the heat of formation of an unstable intermediate in a reaction.Find the lattice energy of ionic compounds. Sources Chakrabarty, D.K. (2001). An Introduction to Physical Chemistry. Mumbai: Alpha Science. pp. 34–37. ISBN 1-84265-059-9.Leicester, Henry M. (1951). Germain Henri Hess and the Foundations of Thermochemistry. The Journal of Chemical Education. 28 (11): 581–583. doi:10.1021/ed028p581

Essay on Poverty and Danone - 908 Words

Week 5 Assignment 1 Danimal in South Africa Case Study Assignment MEGHAL SHAH 7/20/2012 Why Danone developed Danimal yogurt for the South African market South Africa had a big income inequality gap with its market being at the bottom of the pyramid with more than half of the population in the 4-5 tier range having less than $1500 in purchasing power parity in US dollars. Danone wanted to capture the market by introducing a low priced product to the low income people. With research by local Universities and the SA Medical Research Council, the benefits of of Danimal were promising. It was found that the probiotic cultures in yoghurt were beneficial for children and also that a product needed to be produced†¦show more content†¦Is Danone successful in addressing the needs of the bottom of the pyramid? What can they do better? Pretorious had the 4P’s in mind when product was developed. The price was initially set at R1.00 in 2005. This was beneficial since the transaction would require one coin interaction which made it simple and valuable for the targeted children’s market. To avoid additional margins added onto the final price, the price was printed on the lid. Danone themselves just broke even with no profits. To address nutritional shortcomings in the typical diet of a child from a poor family — especially vitamin A, iron and zinc — the company wanted to enrich the yoghurt with these nutrients. The yoghurt also needed an extended long shelf life due to lack of electricity and fridges. Danone promoted their product, by associating the name â€Å"Danimal†. Danimal was combination of â€Å"Danone† and â€Å"animal†, which gave a sense of pride in Africa. A colorful energetic leopard as the logo appealed to children, while the nutritional facts appealed to the adults. They created a product for the bottom of the pyramid that was initially introduced into the Gauteng province but later expanded into two other provinces, Kwazulu-Natal and the Free State. I think that Danone did a great job by providing the needs of the bottom of the pyramid. They spent little money and used existing equipment with no marketing. They made a product that wasShow MoreRelatedReflection Of The Learning Journal740 Words   |  3 Pagesdownloaded the reading materials. I read all the reading material for the week: what is social entrepreneurship written by One Magazine in October, 2011 and Social business enterprises – Maximizing social benefits or maximizing profits? The case of Grameen-Danone Foods Limited written by Ghalb, A. K., and Hossain, F. in 2008. In the course of reading, I noted the unfamiliar words down in the learning journal and I started the discussion assignment. 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Modern Management Theories and Practices †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Modern Management Theories and Practices. Answer: Introduction This report outlines the role of the management and leadership in the social and health care. Both the terms are similar in some aspects and both the concepts are very important for the performance of the organization. The management and the leadership are the most widely used concept for the delivery of the social and healthcare services. The main motive of these concepts is to influence the people and manage the people to achieve the goals of the organization. The main purpose of this study is to reflect the role played by the management and leadership in the social care and delivery of the health services and also portrays the different theories and models associated with these concepts. However, there are many traits and theories are associated with the process of the leadership and the most common attributes or traits used by the leaders are determination, intelligence, self confidence, charisma and integrity. Therefore, the leadership and management have a great impact on the o rganizational performance (WHO, 2010). Both the concepts are same in some aspects and different in the case of skills, duties and the behaviors. Both the concepts complement each other. It is the fact that a good managers are good leaders and to become good leaders, a person must have the managerial skills. Management ensures that the all the available resources in the organization are properly utilized or not and apply all the managerial skills and management strategies to achieve the optimum results. A good manager can be a leader to achieve the best output. Therefore, all day to day activities are managed well by the managers in order to produce the desired results. The main attributes that a manager should have are as follows: Perfect organizational skills Have the Clarity of the tasks and mission of the organization Must have the skills to Delegate the authority Must be able to communicate about the expected outcomes and tasks in an effective way. Negotiation of the regulatory processes (Dodson, 2017). Leadership is the quality that a person has to influence others and motivate them to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. A leader sets a vision what they can achieve and builds strategies, how to achieve and also communicate this with the others to reach the goals. Coming to the attributes that a good leader must have are: Creative in nature Flexible Ability to motivate and influence other people Charismatic personality Skills of solving the problems and offering a positive environment for their followers. Role of management in Health care and social care In this report the role of the management and specific functions carried out by the health and social care is going to be discussed. The main role of the management is to build and implement the strategies and controlling the financial resources by properly utilizing the available resources (Hin?ea, et al., 2009). There are many roles and responsibilities that need to be managed by the managers which involves the following roles : Delivery of the health and social care services Proper utilization of the resources that are available in the organization and these resources are the staff, budgets, infrastructure and other information. Managing people, including the patients, staff nurses, partners and other people for the delivery of the quality services. However, management in health and social care is the act of planning, organizing, controlling, delegation of the authorities, monitoring and evaluation of the plans and the implementation of the plans. The management in the health care delegates the various tasks to the employees and train and support them in order to achieve the expected outcomes. Management in the health care departments and social care, organized meetings with the employees. The main purpose of these type meetings is to communicate about the proper messages to the staff about the expectations of the company with them. Moreover, what is to be achieved and how it is to be achieved is also the main part of the meetings in the healthcare (Wick, 2012). Furthermore, a major task in the management is to review the important information and available data with regard to the delivery of services in health and social care. The review of the information and data is to be used to take the best decisions with regard to the improvement and modifications of the services. Financial management is the most important part as to make the best use of the available funds in order to produce the best possible results for the patients and staff. Management theories There are many theories given by the different authors like Taylor, Maslow and Elton Mayo and they share the different aspects in relation to managing the activities in the organizations with the proper utilization of the resources. In this report three main theories are explained in context to the social and health care services (Bartlett, 2010). This theory was introduced by the famous Frederick Taylor, who was an American inventor. All the Scientific as well as the engineering knowledge has been applied by the Taylor for the development of this theory. This theory is applicable in the health and social care as it involves the following principles. In the health care sector, the information and data related to staff, patients are collected, analyze and convert into the mathematical form to complete the tasks. Selection and training of the staff members can make use of the scientific approaches in order to improve the efficiency of the health and social organization. This theory is used or applied when both the science and workers come together in the health and social care organizations to perform simple tasks. Application of the scientific techniques by the management in order to divide the work equally between the workers and managers and to check the tasks performed by them are according to the plans or not (College, 2014). Elton Mayo Theory This theory is based on the building of the human relations by the introduction of the fundamental concepts of the management. According to this theory, the human relations are the best way to achieve the desired goals of the organizations. In the case of health and social care, relations with the supervisor and relations with the patients are playing the effective role to improve the performance of the organization as well as to achieve the expected results (NMIMS, 2012). Most of the health and social care organizations are linked with the national health system of the district. However, all the activities in the health care sector are performed with the permission of the district, which includes the procurement of drugs, human resource management activities, technical support and infrastructure support. Therefore, in the healthcare sector, all the managers must have the good level of communication and the ensure the optimal supervision. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the district managers to communicate about the new policies and the tools of the management to the local facility managers for the purpose of the compliance. However, the relationship between the district managers and local managers is the key to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health systems (Olum, 2004). According to the Elton Mayo theory, the building of the human relations is the most important factors as the organizations have the main purpose is to gain the competitive advantage via client satisfaction and similarly in the health system, the patient satisfaction is the main motive of the management teams. This is the reason that all the staff members like nurses, doctors need proper training to understand the rights and the needs of the patients. According to the Maslow theory of the management, it is very important to understand the needs of the people in order to manage all the actions accordingly. Therefore, in the health and social care services, it is very important to understand the basic, physical and psychological needs of the patients. The management team in the health and social care system can take the better decisions regarding the treatment options, behavior and their level of satisfaction to improve the status of the health (Groth, 2013). Therefore, all the management theories help the staff members understand the following roles such as: Avoid participating in the risky and negative behavior To know healthy lifestyle Always ready to face the problems Motivation for the patients and make them happy with the positive working environment Role of the leadership theory in Health and social care Leadership is a very significant part of human personality. The main function of the leader is to communicate with the other personalities and motivates them to improve their efficiencies. Providing directions to the team is the main task of the good leaders and these directions of the leader helps the team to achieve the future goals and objectives. Leadership is the quality that a person has to influence others and motivate them to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. A leader sets a vision what they can achieve and builds strategies, how to achieve and also communicate this with the others to reach the goals. The good leaders always make strategies to achieve the goals and manage the good relations with the people. As a leader, it is very important to think out of the box and always choose the best option among the number of the alternatives to make the right decisions. Being a leader, it is very important to have some qualities in the personality to lead and inspire o thers (Lawrence Steck, 1991). As in the above management theories, it has been analyzed that the more emphasis is given to the employees and their needs as well as to provide them the informal environment. For all these activities, an organization needs a good leader and communication approaches to understand the needs of the employees for the improvement of the performance of the employees. Talking about the leadership styles first, then there are many styles adopted by the leaders to control the organizational activities and these styles are directive, participative, transformational and autocratic, etc. In the context to the health and social care, it is very important that the leaders understand the nature of the organization and work accordingly with the coordination of nurses, administrators, physicians and other members of the organizations. It is analyzed that for the smooth working of the health and social organizations, there should be a proper and effective leadership. According to the point of view of the Bass, leadership is defined as the interaction and relationship between the two people where one person can follow the other for the successful achievement of the desired goals. There are many healthcare and social organizations who are spending the large amount of money on the infrastructure of the health care system to provide the quality services and social services to the people of the country. It has been observed that the overall performance of the organization is largely affected by the behavior of the leaders with its followers. The negative role of the leaders in the health and social care organizations leads to the downfall of the organization (Sharma Jain, 2013). There are various leadership theories are available, out of which the Transformational and Transactional theories gained the popularity in the field of the health and social care organizations and these are going to be explained as below: Transactional leadership theory This leadership theory is very popular in the health care organizations because this theory is based on leading followers by the way of the management position in the hierarchy of the organization. Moreover, this is also based on the motivational theory concepts as it involves the exchange of the rewards and targets between the managers and the employees. This theory basically identifies the needs of the followers and then try to motivate them thorough the reward systems. In the health and social care organizations, it is also applicable because it involves the giving attention to the health of the local population to achieve the goals of the organization. As per the point of view of the Bass in the year 2006, this transactional theory is helpful in the health and social care organization to main the equilibrium level by performing their roles and the enhancing the employees performance by offering them the attractive incentives and rewards. Therefore, the leaders set up the goals, use the directive leadership style to guide the employees and offer them rewards to motivate them so that they can perform better towards the achievement of the organizational goals (Bolden, et al., 2003). Transformational leadership theory This leadership theory focuses on the needs of the employees and the development of the employee that may help to transform the organizational performances. This theory is very useful for the healthcare organizations, because it transforms the performance of the employees in order to achieve the goals of the health and social care organizations. Transformational leadership is defined by the Burnes as a process where one person can engage the other person in such a way that to influence that person for the better performance. According to this theory, leadership motivates the staff members by understanding their needs and making them aware about the organizational expectations from them and about the mission of the company. This theory is considered to be more beneficial in comparison to the transactional as it involves the overall transformation of the employees without any rewards. This leadership style also promote the creativity among the followers as they come up with the new ide as in the organization. Moreover, this theory is beneficial in the improving the healthcare services and raise the standards of care and treatment which is good for the healthcare organizations (Team, 2015). There are six leadership processes involves in the transformation leadership and these are as follows: Development of the vision Communication and inspire others Importance to the values Facing challenges Development of the trust Enabling Synthesize leadership and management theories Management ensures that the all the available resources in the organization are properly utilized or not and apply all the managerial skills and management strategies to achieve the optimum results. A good manager can be a leader to achieve the best output. Therefore, all day to day activities are managed well by the managers in order to produce the desired results. Taylors Theory: Frederick Taylor was an American inventor who gave the theory of the scientific management. The Taylor applied all his scientific knowledge as well as engineering knowledge to the management in order to develop this theory. According to this theory, the engineering and scientific principles can be applied in the system to avoid the waste and to improve the production methods and fair distribution of the goods. Taylors theory of the scientific management is applied in all the manufacturing firms as the principles of the theory are helpful in production planning, quality control, design and distribution of the goods, etc. Maslow Theory: Maslows theory is very useful from the management perspective as it is a motivational theory that describes the hierarchy of the five different needs of the human beings. According to the view of the Maslow, the best way to motivate the employees is to understand their needs and fulfill them. The theory given Maslow revealed the hierarchy of needs which includes physiological, safety, psychological needs, self esteem and self actualization needs. All these are related to the basic needs, luxurious needs, mental or psychological needs of the human beings. Every employee in the organization always expects appreciation and money for their work (Ololube, 2015). Elton Mayo Theory: This theory is based on the building of the human relations by the introduction of the fundamental concepts of the management. According to this theory, the human relations are the best way to achieve the desired goals of the organizations. In the case of health and social care, relations with the supervisor and relations with the patients are playing the effective role to improve the performance of the organization as well as to achieve the expected results. Leadership styles or theories In the management theories, it has been analyzed that the more emphasis is given to the employees and their needs as well as to provide them the informal environment. For all these activities, an organization needs a good leader and communication approaches to understand the needs of the employees for the improvement of the performance of the employees. Talking about the leadership styles first, then there are many styles adopted by the leaders to control the organizational activities and these styles are directive, participative, transformational and autocratic, etc. In the context to the health and social care, it is very important that the leaders understand the nature of the organization and work accordingly with the coordination of nurses, administrators, physicians and other members of the organizations. It is analyzed that for the smooth working of the health and social organizations, there should be a proper and effective leadership (University, 2014). Talking about the leadership styles first, then there are many styles adopted by the leaders to control the organizational activities and these styles are explained as follows: Autocratic: According to this style, a leader put more emphasis on the performance of the organization and a low emphasis on people. In this case, the manager involvement is more and he holds the discretionary power in their hands. These leaders took the decisions on their own and do not take the advice of the employees. Laissez- faire: This style is totally opposite of the Autocratic style as this style gives more importance to the employees rather than the overall performance of the company. This leadership style focused more on to hire those employees who are highly experienced and trained in their field and they do not require any supervision. Transactional: this leadership style is based on the motivational theory concepts as it involves the exchange of the rewards and targets between the managers and the employees. Participative: This is the democratic style of the leadership as the company gave the importance to the employees work and their suggestions. The employees feel motivated when their participation is considered as the important part of the decision making process. Transformational: This leadership style focuses on the needs of the employees and the development of the employee that may help to transform the organizational performances (Nanjundeswaraswamy, 2014). In short the, leadership and management are the most important part of each organization as it is the key to success of the health as well as social care organizations. In the above, the role played by the leaders and managers has been discussed and it is clear from the above analysis that the achievement of the goals and objectives of the organizations is not possible without the leadership and management activities. A good manager and leader must have all the abilities and skills to solve the problems in organizations and have the required skills to influence the other employees in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives. Conclusion This report outlines the role of the management and leadership in the social and health care. Both the terms are similar in some aspects and both the concepts are very important for the performance of the organization. The management and the leadership are the most widely used concept for the delivery of the social and healthcare services. The main motive of these concepts is to influence the people and manage the people to achieve the goals of the organization. The main purpose of this study is to reflect the role played by the management and leadership in the social care and delivery of the health services and also portrays the different theories and models associated with these concepts. However, there are many traits and theories are associated with the process of the leadership and the most common attributes or traits used by the leaders are determination, intelligence, self confidence, charisma and integrity. Therefore, the leadership and management have a great impact on the o rganizational performance. At the end, this report is concluded that the employees are the most precious thing in the organization and it is very important to understand their needs. The communication and leadership are the most important concepts that are helpful to improve the performance of the employees in order to achieve the objectives of the organization. In the above report, all the management theories and the communication and leadership approaches are analyzed in order to understand the application of these approaches in the real life. References Bartlett, J., 2010. Theories of leadership and management, Available at: https://www.jblearning.com/samples/0763749761/49761_PT01_Clark.pdf Bolden, R., Gosling, J., Marturano, A. Dennison, P., 2003. A review of leadership theory and competency frameworks, Available at: https://www2.fcsh.unl.pt/docentes/luisrodrigues/textos/Lideran%C3%A7a.pdf College, C., 2014. General Theories of Management, Available at: https://www.colbournecollege.com/files/BA_103_Lesson_FOUR.pdf Dodson, D., 2017. Whats the Best Leadership Style for Healthcare?, Available at: https://nchica.org/whats-the-best-leadership-style-for-healthcare/ Groth, L., 2013. Overview of theories on organization and management, Available at: https://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/ifi/INF5890/v13/material-to-download/lecture-presentations/Feb_6_organization-and-management-theories/overview-of-theories-on-organizations-and-management-inf5890-v2013.pdf Hin?ea, C., Mora, C. ?iclau, T., 2009. Leadership and management in the health care system, Available at: https://www.apubb.ro/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/LEADERSHIP-AND-MANAGEMENT-IN-THE-HEALTH.pdf Lawrence, J. Steck, E., 1991. Overview of management theory, Available at: https://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a235762.pdf Nanjundeswaraswamy, T., 2014. Leadership styles. Advances In Management, 7(2), pp. 1-7. NMIMS, 2012. Management theory and practice, Available at: https://distance.nmims.edu/uploads/docs/samples/management-theory-and-practice-eBook.pdf Ololube, N., 2015. A Review of Leadership Theories, Principles and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational management. pp. 1-10, Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nwachukwu_Prince_Ololube/publication/283081945_A_Review_of_Leadership_Theories_Principles_and_Styles_and_Their_Relevance_to_Educational_Management/links/56292c3408ae04c2aeaee901/A-Review-of-Leadership-Theories-Principles-and-Styles-and-Their-Relevance-to-Educational-Management.pdf Olum, Y., 2004. Modern management theories and practices, Available at: https://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/AAPAM/UNPAN025765.pdf Sharma, M. Jain, S., 2013. Leadership Management: Principles, Models and Theories. Global Journal of Management and Business Studies., 3(3), pp. 309-318. Team, F., 2015. Leadership theories, Available at: https://www.free-management-ebooks.com/dldebk-pdf/fme-leadership-theories.pdf University, P., 2014. Leadership theories and models, Available at: https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/25691/04chapter4.pdf?sequence=5 WHO, 2010. Leadership and management, Available at: https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/imai/om_10_leadership_management.pdf Wick, E., 2012. Leadership and Management, Available at: https://www.ache.org/pubs/Evashwickchap1.pdf

International Womens Day 8 March Womens Day History free essay sample

August 18, 1920, the date women were able to vote. It will be remembered in history as a step closer to equality. The United Nations began celebrating International Womens Day in the Year, 1975. In 1977, Groups came together in an assembly to proclaim March 8th as the Day for womens rights, commemorating the political, social and economic achievements of women. Throughout time, the idea of Women’s Day celebration has evolved and embraced culture and ethnicity to develop as a celebration of appreciation, respect, and love towards women. I strongly believe that the 8th of March must become a public holiday. Women all over the world celebrate international women’s day, whether its celebrities and whether its public figures or even everyday hardworking women. They portray an image of the younger generation along with conveying the message of the importance of women in society. International women’s day is a day that inspires women of all ages to remember the hard work females in history had to endure to allow us to have the freedom we have today. We will write a custom essay sample on International Womens Day 8 March Womens Day History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore, women’s day should become a public holiday so that we can show our appreciation to those who inspired the movement.It is a day for women to evaluate themselves and to appreciate each other. Something as simple as going to a beauty salon can make you feel different, renewed and fresh. On this day people would wear purple which represents ‘visionary thinking’ and is also known as the colour of the future to show that no matter what colour your skin is, what race you are, what religion you follow, where you live, how old you are, what you wear on your head, we all come together to achieve a world free of sexism. As a 15-year-old Muslim girl, I completely believe that it is essential that international women’s day becomes a public holiday. This day has personally inspired and affected me because I feel connected to something where I could feel proud of who I am and embrace what has been given to me so that later oni can pass it down to the next generations and the next to come.Above all, it is crucial for International women’s day to become a public holiday because it shares our ancestor’s history as they fought for our freedom and inspired us to stand up for ourselves. It connects women from all around the world and creates a bond between us all, accepting each other no matter what race, color, religion or age. It is a day of reflection and action, taking control of what is ahead. ’I alone cannot change the world, but I cant through a stone across the waters to create many riffles’.

Ragtime essays

Ragtime essays Ragtime is one of the most powerful books that I have ever read, and E.L. Doctorow is an author unlike any other. Just as the name suggests, the seemingly serene beginnings that are presented in each of the miniature books within the book are quickly unraveled by the onslaught of complicating situations and by the unpredictable reactions of each character. The plot, containing an abundance of twists and turns, and the authors style of writing, work together harmoniously making it nearly impossible for me to stop reading. The interplay between fact and fiction is so greatly entangled that it made me wonder if certain famous characters truly did do the things that were described in the book. Doctorows style of magic realism contributed to my curiosity. For example, the scene in Book I concerning Houdini meeting the little boy, fascinated me. I asked myself, could such an incident have been possible? If so, what are the chances? Peeking into the intimate lives of several well-known people gave me the sense that I actually knew who they were. Since Doctorow describes their inner feelings so well, I was able to put aside the reality that their experiences in the book are mostly from Doctorows creativity. These great accounts of their emotion made me believe that he personally knew them and therefore knew what they have gone through and what they were feeling at particular moments. This story made me question how likely or unlikely certain events could occur and the extent to which something stops being a coincidence and instead becomes the fulfillment of a specific destiny. This is especially true about the section regarding Tateh and his daughter meeting Mother and the little boy. From one perspective, it can be hypothesized that it is pure chance that Father chose to stay at the same place as Tateh and his daughter is staying. Then again, is it time for his daughter to find a friend whom she can be comple ...

Timeline of the Titanics First and Only Voyage

Timeline of the Titanic's First and Only Voyage From the time of its inception, the Titanic was meant to be gigantic, luxurious and safe. It was touted as being unsinkable because of its system of watertight compartments and doors, which of course proved to be just a myth. Follow the history of the Titanic, from its beginnings in a shipyard to its end at the bottom of the sea, in this timeline of the building of the ship through its maiden (and only) voyage. In the early morning hours of April 15, 1912, all but 705 of its 2,229 passengers and crew lost their lives in the icy Atlantic. The Building of the Titanic March 31, 1909: Construction of the Titanic begins with the building of the keel, the backbone of the ship, at Harland Wolffs shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. May 31, 1911: The unfinished Titanic is lathered up with soap and pushed into the water for fitting out. Fitting out is the installation of all the extras, some on the exterior, like the smokestacks and the propellers, and a lot on the inside, like the electrical systems, wall coverings, and furniture. June 14, 1911: The Olympic, sister ship to the Titanic, departs on its maiden voyage. April 2, 1912: The Titanic leaves the dock for sea trials, which include tests of speed, turns, and an emergency stop. At about 8 p.m., after the sea trials, the Titanic heads to Southampton, England. The Maiden Voyage Begins April 3 to 10, 1912: The Titanic is loaded with supplies and her crew is hired. April 10, 1912: From 9:30 a.m. until 11:30 a.m., passengers board the ship. Then at noon, the Titanic leaves the dock at Southhampton for its maiden voyage. First stop is in Cherbourg, France, where the Titanic arrives at 6:30 p.m. and leaves at 8:10 p.m, heading to Queenstown, Ireland (now known as Cobh). It is carrying 2,229 passengers and crew. April 11, 1912: At 1:30 p.m., the Titanic leaves Queenstown and begins its fated journey across the Atlantic for New York. April 12 and 13, 1912: The Titanic is at sea, continuing on her journey as passengers enjoy the pleasures of the luxurious ship. April 14, 1912 (9:20 p.m.): The Titanics captain, Edward Smith, retires to his room. April 14, 1912 (9:40 p.m.): The last of seven warnings about icebergs is received in the wireless room. This warning never makes it to the bridge. Last Hours of the Titanic April 14, 1912 (11:40 p.m.): Two hours after the last warning, ship lookout Frederick Fleet spotted an iceberg directly in the path of the Titanic. The first officer, Lt. William McMaster Murdoch, orders a hard starboard (left) turn, but the Titanics right side scrapes the iceberg. Only 37 seconds passed between the sighting of the iceberg and hitting it. April 14, 1912 (11:50 p.m.): Water had entered the front part of the ship and risen to a level of 14 feet. April 15, 1912 (12 a.m.): Captain Smith learns the ship can stay afloat for only two hours and gives orders to make first radio calls for help. April 15, 1912 (12:05 a.m.): Captain Smith orders the crew to prepare the lifeboats and get the passengers and crew up on deck. There is only room in the lifeboats for about half the passengers and crew onboard. Women and children were put into the lifeboats first. April 15, 1912 (12:45 a.m.): The first lifeboat is lowered into the freezing water. April 15, 1912 (2:05 a.m.) The last lifeboat is lowered into the Atlantic. More than 1,500 people are still on the Titanic, now sitting at a steep tilt. April 15, 1912 (2:18 a.m.): The last radio message is sent and the Titanic snaps in half. April 15, 1912 (2:20 a.m.): The Titanic sinks. Rescue of Survivors April 15, 1912 (4:10 a.m.): The Carpathia, which was about 58 miles southeast of the Titanic at the time it heard the distress call, picks up the first of the survivors. April 15, 1912 (8:50 a.m.): The Carpathia picks up survivors from the last lifeboat and heads for New York. April 17, 1912: The Mackay-Bennett is the first of several ships to travel to the area where the Titanic sank to search for bodies. April 18, 1912: The Carpathia arrives in New York with 705 survivors. Aftermath April 19 to May 25, 1912: The United States Senate holds hearings about the disaster; the Senate findings include questions about why there were not more lifeboats on the Titanic. May 2 to July 3, 1912: The British Board of Trade holds an inquiry into the Titanic disaster. It was discovered during this inquiry that the last ice message was the only one that warned of an iceberg directly in the path of the Titanic, and it was believed that if the captain had gotten the warning that he would have changed course in time for the disaster to be avoided. Sept. 1, 1985: Robert Ballards expedition team discovers the wreck of the Titanic.

Information Management Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information Management Strategy - Case Study Example Hicks (1986) states that as the world moves from the days of disparate societies to the days of integration and awareness, the need for having reliable, authentic, and verifiable means of information increases. This results from the fact that managers need processed information for taking better decisions on a routine basis, and this processed information is the output of various processes that are conducted on the initially presented and collected raw data. This raw data constitutes the information collected from various sources within the organization or from external sources, and thus the sources of information gain ultimate importance, no matter which organization it is. Subsequently, the importance of not just information but the information sources as well cannot be denied. The information sources may include, but are not restricted to, employees, stakeholders, shareholders, newspapers, industry analysis, independent news sources, media, competitor publications, etc. Data manag ement is a critical subject of concern today for management, because the reliance on availability of accurate, verifiable and timely data cannot be denied by any means. The organization under consideration in this assignment is my own organization i.e. where I work. The major operation in my organization is based on customer communication, where our source of revenue is the printing of statements, cheques, mailing, customer response, and we are also indulged in develop IT solutions for various customers that we have. The aim of our organization is to provide this wide variety of services to our wide clientele. 1.3 Information Needs of the Organization - what information is needed The focus of this assignment is mainly towards the human resource department that is facing loads of troubles as far as data gathering through various sources is concerned. Seemingly, it looks like human resource department would not require loads of data or the data resource would be fairly restricted, but neither is the case. This section details the need for data in the human resource department, while the next section sheds light on the various data resources. It is noticeable here that the term data and information would be used interchangeably, though in reality, data is the raw form of information, and information is processed data. Human resources are defined as the truest source for attaining competitive edge for an organization. Therefore, there has been tons of weightage given to subjects like management and organizational behavior, similar to the weigh given to finance and marketing, if not more or less. A major part of keeping the human resource satisfied and contented is giving them appropriate compensation, with the right and justifiable deductions. For this fact to stand true, i.e. the right compensation with proper deductions, there is need for information pertinent to attendance, ins and outs, movement of employees, late comings, proper utilization of time, presence in the right area, avoiding irrelevant movements across the firm's building, and so on. All this information needs to be gathered at the end that generates pay-slips and payments i.e. the payroll department. 1.4 Information Resources After having described the need of information for

Appraise the proposition that the bank failures and crisis of 2007-8 Essay

Appraise the proposition that the bank failures and crisis of 2007-8 could have been foreseen from academic work published prior to 2004 - Essay Example In the United States, the Federal Government was left with no option but to initiate a bailout program to secure the financial markets and control the crisis before it spread to other parts of the world. Over a period of time the crisis became a global financial crisis and many banking institutions around the world felt the shock. As the financial system faced rapid deterioration, many causing factors came to surface. There are many factors which have been pointed out as those which contributed to the banking crisis. This paper aims to analyze the literature which was developed prior to 2004 which contained information which could have been used to avoid the current bank failures and crisis which have reshaped the economy of the world. This paper will look at some of the root causes of the banking crisis and the ways in which it could have been avoided, while looking at the literature which was available prior to 2004 which could have been used to predict the crisis. A report by the Inter American Development Bank (2004) states that in order to avoid costly banking crisis it is essential to understand what causes them in the first place. One of the prime reasons for the banking crisis was the deregulation. In the past there have been incidents where deregulation of a particular industry showed similar trends. One such example is the airline industry which did well initially following the deregulation but eventually some of the airline service providers were forced to face bankruptcy. This is one example which could have been used to determine what the outcome of unmonitored banking and mortgage lending practices could have resulted in. Secondly banks did not consider the integrity of the borrowers when lending them huge amounts of money. Even individuals who were not fit to obtain loans were approved large sums of money. A) The US boom

Introduction to Information Systems Essay Example for Free

Introduction to Information Systems Essay Abstract For my final paper I will Identify three vital tools of knowledge management and knowledge management systems, social networking systems, (CRM) customer relationship management, and (31) business intelligence. I wlll explain how an organization can utilize knowledge management resources to assist the company in running a successful business. will also explore knowledge management as we know it today. Knowledge Management Introduction Knowledge management is crucially important to any organization for resources which aids a company In providing its staff with the most accurate data needed in uch a competitive and fast passed time. We will explore three tools that aid us in knowledge management and learn how these tools are of great benefit to a successful business. We will also look at knowledge management as we know it today. Narrative sections There are three vital tools of knowledge management and knowledge management systems I want to explore. They are as follows: social networking systems, customer relationship management and business intelligence. Information technology aids knowledge management to provide up to date and ccurate data desired on a moments notice to companVs members. A knowledge management system is of great value for any organizations in everyday situations by enabling the employee access to other colleges documents and information. Knowledge management systems allow each staffs member the capability to stay organized and utilize figures and data from the organization. Being able to share this information throughout the company can help the organization in providing a better quality job that may even lead to improvements. Each business varies in the types of knowledge management needed to run its rganization trom documents, technology, networks, just to name a few. Each type ot knowledge managements can accommodate different business methods from push strategy; pull strategy, competence management to databases. You must first distinguish between the vast types of knowledge to understand the different kinds of knowledge management needed. Different fields focus on different types like explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge, and embedded knowledge. sale or a great investment opportunity. A social network allows a company to interact with its customers and employees all around the globe. More businesses are growing by staying connected with its customers with Facebook and Twitter. Social networks give a company the capability to reach a broader audience via the World Wide Web. The larges social network site today is Facebook which a lot of companies are beginning to utilize. Social networks operate through person-to-person and social influence. Companies can target their customers through social networks and optimize their social outreach. Companies also have the capability to respond to a customers concern and engage in a meaningful connection with repeat and new customers. With the hundreds of networking sites to access, it can be a challenge to manage multiple social sites, but the opportunities are endless. Customer relationship management provides an inside look to its customers purchase patterns that help plan the organizations sales activities. CRM will allow a company to target customers and generate leads for their sale items. Customer relationship management allows the business the needed information to better understand their customer base, building a more efficient business relationship between company, customer and distributer. With such important information gathered, a company can deliver customer gratification while make the most of its profits. A business can utilize CRM software to focus on the customers specific consumptions and thus tailor to their needs. CRM software provides a company with a buyer history and preferences leading to potential buys. Shoppers buying patterns can help to cross sell other items. Shoppers can be made aware of available items of their preference making for an easy marketing strategy. Business intelligence is raw information gathered from a data warehouse to help ake effective business decisions. With business intelligence you can better understand the strengths and weaknesses of your company and stay competitive in todays market. With the proper information and good IT support a company can operate with good business intelligence. There are steps to properly utilizing good business intelligence. Gathering of information and incorporating existing information is the key to decision making. Data Marts are critical to help its members gain access to specific information needed. For better decision making, each epartment can access only the portion of information it requires versus being overwhelmed with unnecessary information. Being able to access the right information and the right time will help minimize errors of duplication and help run each department efficiently. Having the right software with good IT makes for a successful business. advantage of every source available to you. Your organization will run efficiently and with minimal inaccuracies. Focus on delivering up-to-date data for timely decision making.

Student Sleep Habits and Their Grades Essay -- academic performance, sl

Introduction Sleep has always been a popular subject among humans. There have been many studies that examine sleep and its correlation with a wide variety of variables, such as depression, energy levels, and grades. Students, as a group, are widely studied. As the world’s future leaders and thinkers, there is great importance placed on their achievements. In this study the effect of student sleep habits on perceived academic performance is investigated. Many things may affect students’ academic success among these variables are sleep habits. This study will look at sleep habits and grades to see if a significant correlation exists between the two. Sleep is an interesting subject and if a correlation between it and grades may be drawn, whether negative or positive, it will help to further educate and encourage more productive habits among the young and bright individuals that society relies upon. The public should care about the study because the impact is of a nature that could affect the community. Studies have previously been conducted about sleep and students. These studies cover a variety of variables including sleep length, inductive reasoning, preference in time of day, grade-point average, sleep quality, etc. (Escribano & Dà ­az-Morales, 2013);(Gilbert & Weaver, 2010). In one study researchers used Likert scales on a one to five platform to gather information (Gilbert & Weaver, 2010), and another on a one to four scale (Gaultney, 2004). Another study had a survey that asked for objective information such as exact grade-point average (Kelly, Kelly & Clanton, 2010). Yet another study used sleep logs and divided the students into a series of three classes based on their sleep habits (Tsai & Li, 2004). This stu... ...nces, Volume 55, Issue 2, July 2013, Pages 106-111, ISSN 0191-8869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.02.011 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886913000809) Kelly, W. E., Kelly, K. E., & Clanton, R. C. (2001). The relationship between sleep length and grade-point average among college students.   College Student Journal, 35(1), 84-86. Ling-Ling Tsai, Sheng-Ping Li, (2004) Sleep patterns in college students: Gender and grade differences, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, Volume 56, Issue 2, February 2004, Pages 231- 237, ISSN 0022-3999, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00507-5. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022399903005075) Unknown. (unknown).  Table of critical values for pearson's r.. Retrieved on 11/17/2013 from http://www.radford.edu/~jaspelme/statsbook/Chapter%20files/Table_of_Critical Values_for_r.pdf

Process Analysis Essay on Process Writing

AnalasysiPROCESS ANALYSIS WRITING Firstly, Process  or  processing  typically describes the action of taking something through an established and usually routine set of procedures or steps to convert it from one form to another, such as processing paperwork to grant a mortgage loan, processing milk into cheese, or converting computer data from one form to another. A process involves steps and decisions in the way work is accomplished, and may involve a sequence of events. The source of this information can be found on the website: Wikipedia (www. ikipedia. com) Secondly, ANALYSIS is when you tell your results to prove or disprove your original guess or hypothesis. Explaining why your results turned out this way. For example: If a scientist believes that he has found the cure for Aids, he then has certain steps to take. He first has to observe, identify, describe and experiment the drug or substance that he is certain it is the cure for aids, he then have to state everything in steps, from what he did, from the very beginning .This is called analysis. To tie the both in one: Process Analysis is basically a form of technical writing and expository writing. † designed to convey to the reader how a change takes place through a series of stages†. Technical writing is where The description of scientific and computer-related activities, whereas expository writing is a type of writing   where the purpose is to inform, explain, describe, or define the author's subject to the reader.Expository text is meant to deposit information and is the most frequently used type of writing by students in colleges and universities. A well-written exposition remains focused on its topic and lists events in chronological order. Examples of expository writing include driving directions and instructions on performing a task. Key words such as first, after, next, then and last usually signal sequential writing. Most importantly first-person pronouns (I) should be avoide d.Expository essays do not reveal the opinion of the writer or writers. When someone is reading a matter of Process Analysis, they are most likely interested in the chronological component; this is  a sequence of events arranged in their order of occurrence in time, such as a timeline. Process Writing is an approach which encourages English as a Second Language (ESL) – youngsters to communicate their own written messages while simultaneously developing their iteracy skills in speaking and reading rather than delaying involvement in the writing process, as advocated in the past, until students have perfected their abilities in handwriting, reading, phonetics, spelling, grammar, and punctuation. In Process Writing the communication of the message is paramount and therefore the developing, but inaccurate, attempts at handwriting, spelling, and grammar are accepted, know that within the process of regular writing opportunities students will gain control of these sub-skills.Thes e skills are further developed in individual and small group conference interviews. † Some steps to process writing are: STEP 1: Pre-writing, which deals with your ideas and building on your ideas, Planning. STEP 2: Writing, this is when you do a rough draft of your plan. This stage is sometimes called the â€Å"don’t worry stage’’ you can have spelling errors, grammatical errors, here is why it is called a rough draft. Also remain focus on writing and go away from all distractions.STEP 3: Revising, here is where you do grammatical changes, omitting unimportant sentences, where you add or expand your word-count, or you can go back to your pre-writing notes for ideas as-well as re-arranging. STEP 4: Editing, this is distinct form revision. Here is where you actually go through line by line searching for errors, repetitiveness, punctuations. Also to make sure your writing is very clear and understandable and last but not least, to check for spelling.STEP 5: Publishing, this depends on what piece you are working on: student will need to produce a final copy including, bibliography, journalist will submit their copy, fiction writers sending their story to magazines. Etc. In conclusion these five steps are â€Å"a frame work of writing well and easy. † BIBLIOGRAPHY * Ali Hale -: Writing process * Heald -Taylor (1986): process writing method. *   Linda Flower and John R. Hayes in â€Å"A Cognitive Process Theory of Writing† (1981). * URL: http://leo. stcloudstate. edu/acadwrite/process. html * http://www. library. ualberta. ca/guides/index. cfm  to researching and writing essays.

Aloha Case Essay

1. What should be Aloha’s competitive strategy? Low cost? It is difficult for Aloha to compete with the industry giants like Nestle, P&G and Phillips Morris on low cost. The reason is simple – volume. These industry giants have much higher volume than Aloha and enjoy a tremendous advantage in economies of scale. It is probably suicidal for Aloha to try to adopt a low cost strategy. It will probably be crushed like an ant, unless the giants play â€Å"oligopolists† and charge high prices to maximize profits. Differentiation; i.e., selling gourmet coffee a la. Starbuck? It is probably easier for Aloha to position itself as a gourmet coffee maker, catering to the yuppie type and charging a premium price for a coffee experience different from that offered by â€Å"regular† brands. Differentiation seems to be the choice strategy for small companies in that its success does not rely on size or volume; anyone with little resources but a great idea can be the David that slays the industry Goliaths. Examples abound: Ben & Jerry in ice cream and Paul Newman in spaghetti source. In fact, while the case tells us little in this regard, I suspect that Aloha has been able to survive in this competitive industry for all these years and seems to be thriving entirely because it started out occupying a special market niche and positioning its coffee as a gourmet brand. 2. How should the roasting plants, and marketing and purchasing departments be evaluated? Roasting Plants Given the differentiation strategy, the roasting plants should be treated as a profit center, as it is already now. That is because the differentiation strategy can be successfully implemented only if the quality of the coffee lives up to its image as a gourmet brand, and evaluating plant managers on profit, rather on cost alone, motivates the managers to constantly improve the quality of the coffee and maintain it at high levels. In contrast with plant managers evaluated on cost alone, plant managers evaluated on profit are penalized if they sacrifice quality on the altar of cost minimization; when quality declines, so will revenue and profit. On the other hand, if Aloha pursues a low cost strategy, then the plant managers should be evaluated on cost control alone. For a firm adopting a low cost strategy, volume is the king in order to achieve economies of scale and the customers targeted are less conscious of the quality of the coffee brands they drink. Thus, keeping cost down would be the primary objective for the plant managers. Marketing Department Since Aloha positions itself as a gourmet coffee maker, the objective for the marketing department is to keep both the price and gross margins high. Volume would not be very important as the firm knows that it only appeals to a limited group of coffee connoisseurs. Thus, the marketing department should be treated as a revenue center and annual evaluation of its performance should be based on a comparison of actual prices with target prices. Alternatively, marketing could be treated as a â€Å"pseudo† profit center with its â€Å"profit† defined as sales minus standard cost of coffee sold. If a low cost strategy is pursued, then the marketing department should be treated as a revenue center as well. But the focus now is on volume, or more precisely, volume growth. Thus, the marketing manager and his lieutenants should be constantly reminded of the importance of sales growth over time and be rewarded for good sales growth. Purchasing Department The purchasing department currently purchases coffee on both the spot and forwards markets. The policy is to make purchase commitments (forward contracts) based on maximum potential plant requirements and sell the rest on the spot market. That sounds like speculation. One may argue Aloha should meet its need for coffee beans only on the spot market and refrain from the speculation business, which is distracting attention from is main business – grinding and selling gourmet coffee. A counter argument is that good coffee traders probably can spot market trends others cannot and are able to reduce the cost of coffee beans by purchasing forward contracts. I question that argument because it is doubtful that any market participants can â€Å"beat the market† and consistently purchase coffee beans on the forwards market at a lower cost than on the spot market. One drawback of the policy of buying forward contracts is it allows the purchasing department to transfer the most costly coffee beans to the plants and make the plants shoulder losses from their trading mistakes. Buying on the spot markets means that the purchased amount is equal to the need of the plants for coffee beans, and thus the purchasing department would not be able to burden the plants with high-cost beans and keep low-cost beans for themselves to boost trading profit. If the purchasing department is forbidden to play the forwards market, performance evaluation for the department is easy. It would be treated as a cost center, and the cost it incurs for coffee bean purchases will be compared with market price averages in the periods that the purchases take place.

Free Essays on Similarities And Differences In Windows 2000 And Unix

A process is the most fundamental tool used in modern operating systems. An operating system’s main role is to create, manage, and terminate processes. These process management functions include allocating time for implementation, managing their actions and conflicts, and allocating resources for the processes. An operating system must track each process by keeping a description, or image, which contains the address space and a control block. (Stallings 140) UNIX Process Management Unix takes advantage of a simple process capability that is easily seen by the user. It executes its process in a user process environment. Two processes are necessary for this system to develop correctly. These include a user process and a system process. The system processes are used to execute code used to carry out in-system functions of the operating system. The user processes are broken down into two separate areas; the user mode and the kernel mode. The user mode is called when the system executes a user program. The kernel mode is used when an interrupt occurs. (Stallings 135)... Free Essays on Similarities And Differences In Windows 2000 And Unix Free Essays on Similarities And Differences In Windows 2000 And Unix A process is the most fundamental tool used in modern operating systems. An operating system’s main role is to create, manage, and terminate processes. These process management functions include allocating time for implementation, managing their actions and conflicts, and allocating resources for the processes. An operating system must track each process by keeping a description, or image, which contains the address space and a control block. (Stallings 140) UNIX Process Management Unix takes advantage of a simple process capability that is easily seen by the user. It executes its process in a user process environment. Two processes are necessary for this system to develop correctly. These include a user process and a system process. The system processes are used to execute code used to carry out in-system functions of the operating system. The user processes are broken down into two separate areas; the user mode and the kernel mode. The user mode is called when the system executes a user program. The kernel mode is used when an interrupt occurs. (Stallings 135)...

How American Manifest Destiny Effects Modern Foreign Policy

How American Manifest Destiny Effects Modern Foreign Policy The term Manifest Destiny, which American writer John L. OSullivan coined in 1845, describes what most 19th-Century Americans believed was their God-given mission to expand westward, occupy a continental nation, and extend U.S. constitutional government to unenlightened peoples. While the term sounds like it is strictly historical, it also more subtly applies to the tendency of U.S. foreign policy to push democratic nation-building around the globe. Historical Background OSullivan first used the term to support the expansionist agenda of President James K. Polk, who took office in March 1845. Polk ran on only one platform westward expansion. He wanted to officially claim the southern part of Oregon Territory; annex the whole of the American Southwest from Mexico; and annex Texas. (Texas had declared independence from Mexico in 1836, but Mexico did not acknowledge it. Since then, Texas had survived barely as an independent nation; only U.S. congressional arguments over slavery had prevented it from becoming a state.) Polks policies would undoubtedly cause war with Mexico. OSullivans Manifest Destiny thesis helped drum up support for that war. Basic Elements of Manifest Destiny Historian Albert K. Weinberg, in his 1935 book Manifest Destiny first codified the elements of American Manifest Destiny. While others have debated and reinterpreted those elements, they remain a good foundation for explaining the idea. They include: Security: Simply, the first generations of Americans saw their unique position on the eastern edge of a new continent as an opportunity to create a nation without of the Balkanization of European countries. That is, they wanted a continental-sized nation, not many small nations on a continent. That obviously would give the United States few borders to worry about and enable it to conduct a cohesive foreign policy.Virtuous Government: Americans saw their Constitution as the ultimate, virtuous expression of enlightened governmental thought. Using the writings of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and others, Americans had created a new government without the hobbles of European monarchies one based on the will of the governed, not the government.National Mission/Divine Ordination: Americans believed that God, by geographically separating the U.S. from Europe, had given them the chance to create the ultimate government. It stood to reason, then, that He also wanted them to spread that governme nt to unenlightened people. Immediately, that applied to Native Americans. Modern Foreign Policy Implications The term Manifest Destiny fell out of use after the U.S. Civil War, in part to racist overtones of the concept, but it returned again in the 1890s to justify American intervention in the Cuban rebellion against Spain. That intervention resulted in the Spanish-American War, 1898. That war added more modern implications to the concept of Manifest Destiny. While the U.S. did not fight the war for true expansion, it did fight it to develop a rudimentary empire. After quickly beating Spain, the U.S. found itself in control of both Cuba and the Philippines. American officials, including President William McKinley, were hesitant to let nationals in either place run their own affairs, for fear that they would fail and allow other foreign nations to step into a power vacuum. Simply, many Americans believed that they need to take Manifest Destiny beyond American shores, not for land acquisition but to spread American democracy. The arrogance in that belief was racist itself. Wilson and Democracy Woodrow Wilson, president from 1913-1921, became a leading practitioner of modern Manifest Destiny. Wanting to rid Mexico of its dictator president Victoriano Huerta in 1914, Wilson commented that he would teach them to elect good men. His comment was fraught with the notion that only Americans could provide such governmental education, which was a hallmark of Manifest Destiny. Wilson ordered the U.S. Navy to conduct sabre-rattling exercises along the Mexican coastline, which in turn resulted in a minor battle in the town of Veracruz. In 1917, trying to justify Americas entry into World War I, Wilson remarked that the U.S. would make the world safe for democracy. Few statements have so clearly typified the modern implications of Manifest Destiny. The Bush Era It would be hard to classify American involvement in World War II as an extension of Manifest Destiny. You could make a greater case for its policies during the Cold War. The policies of George W. Bush toward Iraq, however, fit modern Manifest Destiny almost exactly. Bush, who said in a 2000 debate against Al Gore that he had no interest in nation-building, proceeded to do exactly that in Iraq. When Bush began the war in March 2003, his overt reason was to find weapons of mass destruction. In reality, he was bent on deposing Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein and installing in his place a system of American democracy. The ensuing insurrection against American occupiers proved how difficult it would be for the United States to continue pushing its brand of Manifest Destiny.

SWOT analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

SWOT analysis - Assignment Example Their success therefore is on people; the customers, employees and the management (Tesco, 2014). This work seeks to establish the SWOT analysis of Tesco PLC. In light of the same, it will put in place a collection of factors that make it stand out in the market putting in mind that the negative aspects also create challenges that make it more stable. The first strength is that the company has been able to benefit from the strong financial performance over the years which underline its strategic capabilities. In 2009 for instance, the company registered a turnover of  £54 billion which, at that time was an increase of 14% as compared to the previous financial period (Hingley & Lindgreen, 2003). The reasons for this exemplary performance have been a collection of factors. In accordance with demands in the market, the customization of the products and services has increasingly made the company to achieve such high status. Key performance indicators have been set to enable the company to continue realizing a profitable cause in the verge of its operations. The table below indicates the continuous improvement in performance over the years as per 2009 and it has a collection of indicators showing different variables of growth and measurement over those years from 2000-2009. The large growth has been attributed to the customer retention strategy of the company. Most of the customers in the company are those that have been referred by an existing customer and then become permanent customers due to the good services at the company. The b company operates an online non-food retail company which highly contributes to the development of the revenue status. The Tesco club card has always been the core of customer tracking and operations and has also improved the rate of customer loyalty. The second point of strength is the diversification of

Cancer (carcinoma or sarcoma) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cancer (carcinoma or sarcoma) - Essay Example In some cases the myeloma cells collect in one bone and form a single tumor known as plasmacytoma. In other cases, myeloma cells collect in many bones resulting in the formation of bone tumors. This condition is known as multiple myeloma. (â€Å"Stanford Cancer Center†) There are some cases, though, when myeloma develops from a harmless condition called monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance or MGUS. This condition is indicated by the presence of monoclonal proteins produced by abnormal plasma cells in the blood. (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†) Generally, the balance between proliferation and programmed cell death is maintained by firmly regulating these processes to ensure that organs and tissues are well functioning. However, mutations in DNA that cause cancer disturb these systematized processes by affecting the programming and regulating processes. The normal balance between proliferation and cell death is apparently disrupted. (â€Å"Carcinogenesis†) Particularly for myeloma, the group of abnormal plasma cells multiplies, thus, raising the percentage of plasma cells to more than 10%. Under normal conditions, plasma cells usually make up less than 5% of the bone marrow. (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†) Although the exact cause of myeloma is not known, doctors believe that this sickness begins with a single abnormal cell in the bone marrow. This aberrant cell would then multiply. It should be noted that abnormal cells do not mature and die in the same way as normal cells do. With this, they accumulate and eventually overwhelm the production of healthy cells. (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†) Myeloma cells can also populate the other bone marrow sites in the body since they can travel in low numbers in the blood. If the growth and spread of plasma cells remain uncontrolled, bones and surrounding tissues can be damaged. (â€Å"Mayo Clinic†) Moreover, research proved that there is common abnormality in the DNA of abnormal plasma

Teen_pregnancy-why_do_teens_want_to_have_babies Research Paper

Teen_pregnancy-why_do_teens_want_to_have_babies - Research Paper Example gnancies are usually because of socio-economic factors, lack of sex related services and decreased contraception but nowadays this view is challenged by many as all these aspects have been overcome by the growing society (Kost et al 2010). It is shown by many researches that teens have an increasing desire to have babies because of their boyfriend’s aspiration, their desire to have unconditional love, lack of education including sex education and low income level. Bleakley observes that teen pregnancy in the United States is on the decline, falling from 20% in majority of the states since 1991. The highest decline was noted beginning from 1996 when the welfare reform law was enacted, leading to the commencement of the abstinence education program (Bleakley 2006). This was a strategic approach that emphasizes the avoidance of sex among teenagers until marriage. It is a program that promotes good morals through counseling and mentorship. The program delays the onset age for sex connected with allowing teens to make informed decisions regarding sex when they have to attain maturity. They are taught on coping strategies that help them to deal with the pressure of having sex at an early age. Teens are made to understand that sex is an affair of married people. They are also educated on the physical and emotional stress associated with teenage sex. In essence, abstinence- only policies are significant in the derailment of the onset age. It is noticed that many teens want to get pregnant for the reason of unconditional love and care. A study conducted by the University of Alabama showed that females belonging to low income groups were more wanting to have a child at an early age. Susan Davies on this instance proposed that the income of females was a factor which was affecting their child bearing activities. In another study in the journal of Health, Education and Behaviour it was seen that the desire of having a child by females was greatly affected by their

Hydrotherapy for Post-Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patient

Hydrotherapy for Post-Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) Patient Hydrotherapy, in its broadest term, is the use of any one of the varying forms of water (i.e. liquid, ice or steam) to facilitate either a specific treatment, or to aid with overall health promotion (Mooventhan Nivethitha, 2014). One systematic review (Geytenbeek, 2002) looked at some of the available literature regarding the effectiveness of various hydrotherapy treatments. The review found that the majority of the research available was focused primarily on musculoskeletal conditions and concluded there was little research that was pertinent to the use of hydrotherapy in the specific treatment of neurological pathologies. However, since this systematic review was published there have been numerous pieces of research that do have a primary focus on the benefits of liquid-based hydrotherapy interventions for the treatment of neurological disorders. This literature review will aim to evaluate the current available evidence, with a specific focus being on the effectiveness of those hy drotherapeutic interventions that have the purpose of improving balance, quality of life and gait re-education in post-cerebrovascular accident (CVA) patients. The term CVA would be more commonly recognised as a Stroke and it can be medically defined as an interruption of the blood supply to a specific area of the brain (WHO, 2017). The region of cerebral tissue that has been affected by this interruption will largely dictate both the severity of the CVA and the symptoms that are then suffered by the patient. Water-based interventions have been used for hundreds of years for both pain relief and to treat numerous pathologies. It was Vincent Priessnitz however, who is credited as the founder of modern hydrotherapy after opening the first hydropathy clinic in Grà ¤fenberg, Czech Republic in 1826 (Metcalfe, 1898). Since then a greater understanding of the effects of hydrotherapy has been developed, in particular the numerous physiological changes that can occur during submersion in water. For example, submersion up to the sternal notch is now known to cause an increase in cardiac output and stroke volume, which can then further increase along side a rise in the water temperature (Grady, 2013). With this in mind the search strategy for this literature review was to include the terms cerebrovascular accident, CVA and stroke, and then also hydrotherapy, aquatic therapy and water based therapy with a date limitation set to only include research published since 2008. The search was conducted using the databases AMED, CINAHL, Medline and Medline with full text and returned 51 results when searching for linked full text only. There were several duplicate journals in the results and those remaining included various different types of research from across the hierarchy of evidence, ranging from case studies to randomised control trials. Seven journals were selected from the search results as the only publications that specifically focused on hydrotherapy interventions for the treatment of post-CVA patients (see Appendix A) and this literature review will therefore seek to critically evaluate these and summarise any common findings. In order to successfully validate a hypothesis it is important that the research clearly identifies which hydrotherapeutic intervention is being tested and also the control intervention that is being used for comparison. Three of the seven journals that were selected (Noh et al., 2008; Tripp Krakow, 2014; Park et al., 2016) used Halliwick Therapy as their primary intervention and then land-based physiotherapeutic programmes as the control group. The Halliwick concept was initially designed to help teach disabled children how to swim and is a ten-point programme that has a heavy focus on mental adjustment and body control within the water (Gresswell, 2015). This initial concept has then been further developed into Halliwick Aquatic Therapy, which has a holistic approach to neurorehabilitation that uses the support provided by the water to increase confidence in the patient and therefore also increase their participation in the exercise programme. The exercises themselves are designed to improve postural control and reduce muscle stiffness, with the overall aim to facilitate motor re-learning that can then be translated to on-land functional tasks (Weber-Nowakowska et al., 2011). This specificity of Halliwick Therapy, with regards to functional rehabilitation for neurological disorders, makes it ideally suited as a therapeutic intervention in such cases, however, only one of the papers listed above (Tripp Krakow, 2014) applied a specific functional outcome measure to their results. Another hydrotherapy technique that was used in one of the reviewed papers (Cappadocia et al., 2016) is known as the Bad Ragaz Ring Method. This utilises ring shaped floating devices that are typically placed around the patients neck, pelvis and peripheral joints, such as elbows and knees. The therapist is then able to fix their own position and use the peripheral limbs as levers to facilitate the patients trunk muscles and to encourage increased range of movement in the peripheral joints (Dutton, 2012). Unlike Halliwick Therapy this method does not have a focus on the transference of any benefits gained into more functional tasks. Instead it uses proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques to enhance the patients active and passive range of movement and this can then hopefully be transferred into a more functional neuromuscular pattern of movement.

The Immigrant Experience: The Anguish of Becoming American Essay

The Immigrant Experience: The Anguish of Becoming American Immigration from the Early 1990's still affects America today. The people who came to America from different countries brought their traditions, their families, and their culture. These three things stuck with them through thick and thin and are still thriving parts of what America is today. Many immigrants came with literally nothing in their pockets and had to work their way to success. The Immigrant Experience by Thomas Wheeler tells the story of nine different immigrants' trials and tribulations of coming and living in America. Each immigrant went through different experiences of becoming American but they also had their similarities. Four things that attributed to the assimilation of the immigrants are: language, money, religion, and ambition. Each immigrant experienced their individual trials, but they still all had several similarities. Almost all of the immigrants in this book came to America without being able to speak English, except for the immigrant from London. Alan Pryce-Jones came to America able to speak English and this put him at an advantage over the other immigrants because he could communicate with Americans. Also, he came to America after he established his writing in Europe. He came with money and wisdom which set him far above the other immigrants. The immigrants who couldn't speak English had to take classes and settle for low paying jobs because they could not communicate with their bosses. If they weren't working for someone else, they entrepreneured their own business. William Alfred, the Irish immigrant, was raised by a grandmother who owned her own business. This made it a little easier for him to find a job, and bring in money. J... ...America and living here made them American. But, they all brought over their own traditions and culture that still affect families today. Americans all have the outer candy coatings, but each peanut inside is different. The peanuts make the M & M's what they are. The outer appearance is the same but the inward structure is not. The peanuts do not affect the way the M & M looks but they sure do affect the way they taste. Next time you go to eat an M & M think about what America is. Is it a group of people who are all the same and have conformed to each other so that you cannot distinguish one from another? Or is America like a bowl of peanut M & M's where you can see how every one is similar but each individual is different on the inside? They may look American. They may act American. They may very well be American, but they cannot neglect their ancestry roots.

Technological Advances and their Effects on Media of Art

Some people find comfort in being involved in art. For them, their creations are the product of self-expressions that have no other better way of being expressed than through art. Some feel that they connect to the world or to their surroundings and arouse feelings through art. There may be some people whose passions center on art. For whatever reasons, art has become one of the areas where changes took place. Particularly, the media of art changed through the many technological advances that were introduced into the public. Art can be defined in many ways.There were traditional and contemporary definitions of art (Adajian). Generally, art refers to creative human endeavors. It also refers to any product of a creative impulse. Although it usually refers to visual arts, art also includes music, plastic arts, performing arts, and decorative arts. Moreover, art has many forms, including music, sculpture, painting, literature, performance art, drawing, and architecture. With the changing times and new technologies, art has included other forms such as conceptual art, computer art, photography, comics, video art, and film (WordIQ).All of these forms of art evolved as the world slowly became modernized. Recent technological advances have also placed great burden on some of the traditional media of art such as pencil and canvas. Many people think that along with hi-tech devices such as computer and camera, the use of pencil, coloring materials, ink or paint would become obsolete. Other technological advances that affected the media of art will be discussed as follows. The Quantel Paintbox The Quantel paintbox, which was launched in 1981, is a computer system which aids in manipulating video and in creating graphics.Through Quantel paintbox, the production of television graphics was further developed and improved. Quantel paintbox can now be run on workstations, unlike before when only hardware can run it. Moreover, professionals use Quantel paintbox up to this day for TV production. It was used extensively in creating artwork for the â€Å"Painting With Light,† which was a 1986 BBC series. Additionally, the Quantel was used in Arte, a European Network which created original TV designs. There were also new designs made for Quantel, namely: the Paintbox, Paintbox gQ, and QPaintbox (BroadcastEngineering).Computer Computer impacted the media of art in such a way that no traditional art media is needed to create art. For instance, with just the mouse, an artist can create cartoons and visual effects, unlike before when artists really must use pencil and paper. Artists before used materials for creating a film and sometimes these materials were unstable. For instance, images were placed in cels, or sheets of clear plastic. To avoid creating brushstrokes, colors must be manually painted from the back of the cel.Artists also used substances such as cellulose nitrate and cellulose acetate during the early 1900s. But today, artists are spared from using materials that decompose (Worth). Moreover, the ease of using computer and saving the works in it is an advantage that traditional medium cannot compete with. An artist can make use of visual or special effects with just a few clicks. A lyricist can write his songs in the computer. There is even software which allows the recording of songs. The invention of the computer has encouraged artists to use it for art purposes.Animation Software We see it on movies. From The Lion King to Bolt. There are even movies where humans and cartoon characters were incorporated as though the world of humans and that of the cartoons are one. Thanks to animation softwares that are of much help, everything can be possible today. The implementation of animation softwares among artists has also affected the media of art in major ways. With these softwares, it is much easier for artists to make animations. However, traditional media of art is still used.For instance, an artist creates a storyboard us ing pencil before the output can be fed into the computer for further changes or improvements. In another instance, character designs are created first by animators or artists. Then these designs would be produced on Model Sheets (or photographic stats) before distribution to the other artists (Worth). Camera Camera was first invented in 1841 by Joseph Nicephore Niepce. It has evolved from the machine that only takes images from the dark to the high-tech ones today (ShotAddict). With the invention of the camera, photography became the â€Å"in† thing.As time passed by, many more persons added features to the first camera. There was the invention of film, and now there are digital cameras which do not use films. It is also much easier to print out pictures taken by a digital camera. With the appearance of digicams, the traditional cameras slowly become obsolete, although there are still some artist which prefer using ones that they can manipulate Paints From the paints that we re used on canvas, now there are paints that can be used for clothing, foils, and specialty papers.With these paints, artists can turn any flat surface into printable surface. These paints have affected paint as a traditional medium of art because now paints are not only limited to paper or canvas (ArtMedia). With the fast paced world, art has been under a lot of changes, particularly in its media. Pencils, markers, paints and the other materials that were used before were now substituted with more hi-tech materials such as computer, camera, and animation softwares. However, despite the technological advances, art has always been there and man continually seek art.

Business Communication Skills

Faculty of Business, Computing & Information Management Business Communication Skills Coursework- Critical review & Personal Development Review Module Coordinator: Mr. Phil Vellender Module Code: BBS-6-BCS Course: MBA (FT) By Mahalakshmi Table of Contents Critical Review Do shareholders own the company? 1. 1 Introduction This is a critical review of an article published on the website of The Financial Times on 20 April 2012. This article was published in The Financial Times newspaper on 21 April 2012.The title of the article is ‘Shareholders lose patience on banker’s pay’ by Dan McCrum and Kate Burgess from New York and London respectively. The purpose of choosing this article is of my personal interest on banking industry, for its interesting information about shareholders, significance and ornate style of writing. This review begins with an analysis on the reading and writing context of the article, followed by a brief summary of key points, a critical evaluatio n of language used, content analysis and a conclusion. References and the article itself are also included at the end of the review. . 2 Context As mentioned before, this article has been taken from the newspaper publication ‘The Financial Times’, which is one of the largest business news and information company in the world. It offers vast news, comments, data and analysis to business community globally. It is known worldwide for its reliability, authority and accuracy(http://www. ft. com/home/uk). The article relates to current affairs on the importance of investors’ vote on the company’s pay. The writers of this article discuss the same on different banks in United Kingdom and United States.Moreover, it brings different predictions based on the impact of the investor’s vote on pay package. 1. 3 Summary First, the writers of the article begin with the information on how the chief executive of Citigroup suffered a loss because of lack of its shareh olders’ support on their â€Å"pay package†. Furthermore, they also discuss that the board of directors look back to their pay levels questioning themselves on what makes the investors lose their temper and found that poor returns of the bank’s investment to be the reason for losing shareholders’ patience.Second, the authors stress on the point that it is shareholders’ responsibility to query the company board of directors about their financial position, performance and their management strategy. They also state that due to the governance pressure on investors, it is mandatory to hold an advisory â€Å"say on pay† vote for all US registered companies. They also show evidence on how company’s pay changes depending on the investors support by giving the statistical data on two companies like Jacobs Engineering Group and Beazer Homes. Third, the authors compare the US listed companies votes with that of UK registered companies votes.They have chosen Barclays bank in London as an example. According to the article, the investors have decided to vote for Barclays for its plan but still many are threatened to vote no. Even though, Mr Diamond is ready to give away half of his bonus and share higher profits to shareholders, still some of the investors does not agree to provide â€Å"say on pay† vote. Finally, the writers conclude that the executives who fail to respond their shareholders will have to face its consequences and pay a bulky price. 1. 4 Language Analysis The language of the article fluctuates between idiomatic language and editorial style.An example of editorial style can be found in the beginning of fourth paragraph:† Boards looking at their own pay scales†¦.. confined to the banks† and also in the fifth paragraph:† Investors are have been fraying for some time†. The writers uses certain spoken style and furthermore raises direct questions like for example,† Is it e nough? † thereby attracts the reader’s attention. Moreover, evidence of academic style usage can be noticed in few paragraphs. For instance, idioms like † came out of the blue† and â€Å" rubbed salt into their wounds† arouses the reader’s sympathy on the chief executive.Paragraph length is not too long with clear and appropriate separation of ideas thereby making this article easy to read and understand. Sentences vary from short to medium or rather not too long but there is a combination of simple and complex in their structure. No subheadings have been used in this article. The title â€Å"Shareholders lose patience on bankers’ pay† raises an issue and grabs the attention of the readers. Consequently, this will also boost the audience to continue reading because they will want to know what the subject is about and the reason for the problem.The writers provides visual of Vikram Pandit, chief executive of Citigroup, who is shock ed and looks very perplexed, thinking on why shareholders denied to accept on his pay package. However, the vocabulary range is reasonably wide and standard with a little informal and business language. For example, â€Å"aberration†(meaning abnormal), â€Å"assertive† (meaning confidant), both in the 4th paragraph and â€Å"abstentions†(meaning the act of self-denial) in the 18th paragraph shows the evidence of use of formal words. The writers also use some oral vocabulary like â€Å"said† and â€Å"says†.Business vocabulary crops up throughout the text for example â€Å"shareholders†(line 1), â€Å"pay package†(line 8),†say on pay†() or â€Å"profits†. The text type of this article seems to be argumentative as the writers raise an query to the readers on whether the shareholders has the right to play role on deciding the pay package for the executives of the company and take initiative on accepting or avoiding the remuneration committee. In addition, this article was also informative as it provides details on how the shareholders are affected by different banker’s pay package and their bonus without attaining actual success. . 5 Content Analysis The content of the article is well-organised and simple to understand for readers who are more interested in financials due to its business language and strong points. As a student who is interested in finance, this article seems to be interesting and informative one as it provides the current news on shareholders role on a company (here is the case of banks) and discusses the consequences of losing company’s shareholders’ support and their advisory on ‘say on pay’ vote at annual meetings.This article partially carries new knowledge for frequent readers of this magazine about the significance of the company’s shareholders support. On the other hand, this article conveys a series of interesting awareness and hy pothesis where he falls back with valid proof. As an American and British, the authors show an evidence of good knowledge on the financial performance and series of events of different firms that take place in every company annual meeting. The way the writers build up the controversy is simple to follow and understand.The authors have explained from their point of view on shareholders setting up remuneration committees and re-elections in the UK and US economy. No alternative point of view is displayed. Some of the statistical data from the article are assumed to make it believable but perhaps it is major claim to integrity for me is that I completely agree with the author’s point of view. 1. 6 Conclusion In conclusion, the article presents an interesting viewpoint on shareholders responsibilities and right to take the leading role in terms of reimbursement.With clear examples, the article demonstrates the effects on investors’ vote on banker’s pay. The authors conclude by stating that the decision made on Barclay will come to know only after the meeting. The language range is typical of the publication, widespread, normal and with ample of business terms. In my opinion, the article is a good choice for finance and marketing students in comprehending more about the investor’s role. Overall, it provides a clear perspective on an emerging marketing trend in the world today. 2. Personal Development Plan Review 2. 1 IntroductionAny individual will want to establish their personal goals and make them practicable within a specific period of time. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to prepare a ‘Personal Development Plan’(PDP). According to the guidelines for HE progress files, PDP is defined as â€Å"a structured and supported process undertaken by an individual to reflect upon their own learning, performance and/or achievement and to plan for their personal, educational and career development†. Being one of the modules in my course, I have been asked to prepare my personal development plan for communication skills.In this review, it starts with the four step model used for my PDP and ends with a conclusion. 2. 2 Four-step Model In order to set up my personal development plan, I have used a simple model, as recommended in our business communication skills module guide. This model consists of four steps which are as follows: 1. Identify what you need to develop/ improve * Enhance my academic writing skills * Develop my speaking style, improve on my vocabulary, tone and pace while giving an oral presentation * Learn how to do speed reading * learn how to make proper notes- note taking 2. Identify how you can achieve your aims To improve my academic writing skills, I will practise writing essays, read books about academic writing and pay attention to the lectures on the same. * Listen to news and radio, communicate with my classmates and show active participation in group discussion in order to build up my style of speaking * Will make a list of new words, linkers, learn synonyms and practise some academic vocabulary exercises * Pay attention to my colleagues’ way of performing their oral presentations, make a note of their strengths and weakness, thereby improving my oral presentation skills i. . tone and pace * Will read lot of books as possible, journal papers to develop speed reading * Will use the concept mind mapping whenever I take notes 3. Identify when you will do the activities described in 2. above * Week 2-9: * Answering discussion questions in managerial economics and follow-ups for the same * Week 2-8: * Review my colleague’s oral presentation and practise my presentation in front of mirror * Week 8-9 and during Easter holidays: Practise taking notes using mind mapping while reading core text books * Read and practise exercise from the following books: Bailey, S. (2011) Academic Writing for International Students of Business, Routledge Bennie , M. (1998)(4th ed) Mastering Business English –how to improve your Business Communication skills, Oxford 4. Check yourself- how will you recognize you have accomplished your aims? My main assessment strategy will be by observing my marks and feedback I get for my assignments and oral presentation.With the help of mind mapping, I was able to complete some of my coursework one week earlier than the actual deadline. The marks and feedback for the same are due in the next few weeks. Alternatively, I will also be monitoring myself on specific areas like speed reading. My marks have been very satisfactory till now. 2. 3 Conclusion Overall, I could make out that the decent marks and encouraging feedback has given me confidence about my knowledge of English language has improved. I feel that my speed reading and speaking style also has improved.I am very sure that these progresses will support in the coursework ahead and my final dissertation. I will also make sure that I will conti nue to develop these qualities in near future too. 3. References * Guidelines for HE progress file [Online] Available from: http://www. qaa. ac. uk/Publications/InformationAndGuidance/Documents/progfile2001. pdf [Accessed 1 May 2012] * Financial Times : http://www. ft. com/home/uk * Thesaurus : http://thesaurus. com/ * Word Hipo : http://www. wordhippo. com/