Post Natal Depression Case Study

Post innate Depression Case direct dodge of ContentsCase StudyC be PlanMedical Point of viewThe Role of the checkBuilding a therapeutic descent wonder and EmpathyCommunicationTackling the problemThe Reality Therapy and extract therapy.Working the therapy with RachelProblems met during sessions.ConclusionCase Study.A 21 year old lady give uped at Crisis Intervention team up (CIT) stating that she has these thoughts in her mind that she is passing game to ill-use her baby. She was experiencing an excessive guardianship of what she might do to her baby since these thoughts were telling her that she was going to knock the babys luff against the wall.She was physically trembling with fear and anxiety. She had reduced her food intake and this had resulted in consider up to(p) weight loss. She was non sleeping at night filming to tiredness, lethargy which was hinder Rachel (imaginary call d throw) from performing her daily chores.The pregnancy was un political programned exc lusively her boyfriend Robert (imaginary name) was very(prenominal) supportive during and after the pregnancy. He was very worried to the highest degree Rachel since she had a manage change in character and from a happy go lucky person she had turned into an introvert always worried and depressed.Rachel rationaliseed that she had always thought that gestation would be an enjoyable period in life. She had always dreamt of this period notwithstanding she had n of all condemnation imagined that it would end up to be the worst experience of her life. She was so pore on her baby that she had forgotten how to live. She was all the time concentrating on her childhood, how oftentimes she had felt neglected by her m some some other at that time and her innermost fear was that she give end up behaving like her that is why she had stopped working, going out and enjoying everyday life. Despite this, she was aroma guilty that she was not giving plentiful attention to her baby.CIT off ers follow up sessions for 3 to 4 weeks, during which Rachel was asked to attain her problems and prioritise them. By identifying areas where she would like to improve, she would be littleening her suffering and make herself feel wagerer this was done in concert with the hold back.Care PlanMedical Point of viewRachel was seen by the CIT psychiatrist who prescribed antidepressants with the aim to try and alleviate Rachels mood. Glasser (2003) complained that it is a pity that nowadays psychiatrist and medical doctors prescribe psychiatric drugs prior giving counselling sessions first. The federal agency of the breastfeed regarding her treatment was to educate the long-suffering regarding the splendor of concordance and informing Rachel closely any side effects that might occur when starting treatment.The Role of the nurtureThe role of the nurse is to athletic supporter the persevering get ameliorate by offering the optimum level of financial aid in order to empower her patient and cooperate him/her improve his/her quality of life. Smith, brute and Turkel in 2012, explained that for the patient to be cured, s/he ineluctably to be cared for as no curing kitty occur without caring (p.137). The nursing care plan should be planned together with the patient in order to identify the patients needs, plan and set goals to overcome the obstacles. Kelsey (2013) stated that NHS is emphasising on patient participation in the care plan as this will help the nurse to engage more with the patient while the patient will feel more empowered. This concept is firmly believed at CIT, and it was always stressed that all professionals collaborate for optimum care delivery together with patient. The patient as well has the right to choose family members and/or friends whom he wished to be involved in his/her care.Building a therapeutic relationshipIn order to formulate a care plan with the patient, a therapeutic relationship must be built for a successful outcome. Caring is ground on a relationship and for relationships to be effective both(prenominal) parties must be involved, (Govier, 1992). The fulcrum of nursing care is building a nurse-patient relationship by engaging with the patient and his carers.Building a therapeutic relationship helps the nurse to gain indispensible coating about her/his patient whilst the patient hears how to trust the nurse (Lehman et al., 2004). Although according to nurses trust is vital for building a therapeutic relationship, this can be very effortful to establish with the patient.Literature states that trust has been a debatable topic in research it does not tending nevertheless on the health care profession still includes also the institutions and other services providing the care, (Laugharne Priebe, 2006). In Malta there is still a dear(p) union of stigma regarding Mental Health and Mental Hospital thus people are terror-struck to talk about their affable health problems. The stigma that su rrounds the name of the cordial health hospital in Malta still carries fear of the unkn ingest and beliefs about mental nausea hinder the patients from seeking help. This often results in tough deterioration leading to an involuntary admission (Farrugia, 2006).The same(p) thing happened with Rachel at the beginning of our sessions when she was still terrified to discuss her innermost thoughts, believing that she would be judged and label conduct as mentally ill thus providing grounds for an admission. Rachel needed to overcome her fears and start to confide in the nurse.In order to gain her trust, the nurse had to still Rachel that no harm will come to her and if she wishes CIT could offer her care in the community reassuring her fears regarding hospitalisation. This could only happen if Rachel agrees to work with the team members and keep to the plan which they had agreed on together. Rachel agreed with the proposal inviting her boyfriend to join the plan, which he accepted. S upport and information was provided to both parties and they were satisfied with the plan.Respect and EmpathyThe nurse assured Rachel that both parties should respect each other. Papastavrou et al (2012) explains that to show respect towards a patient one should allow autonomy, show dignity towards the person, care for him/her holistically and ensure privacy and confidentiality. secure the patient that since she is seeking help, the teams aim was to provide that help and not to judge her thoughts and actions.For the nurse to be able to understand the patient better she has to put him/herself in the patients shoes and this skill is called Empathy. Empathy was strand helpful to pityingize the care delivered to the patient (Barker, 2003). When the nurse shows that his/her intentions are genuine and is arduous to understand the situation by offering help and keeping agreements, the patient will start to trust her/him.CommunicationEstablishing trust, showing respect and empathy to th e patient, needs computable communication skills Taylor, Lillis, Lemone, Lynn, and Smeltzer (1989), claimed that a therapeutic relationship can never be built if there is no good communication skills. It is imperative for the nurse to learn to listen attentively to verbal communication only also to learn to read the non-verbal communication that the patient is sending. Through the non-verbals, the nurse can extract information which the patient wishes to hide such as fear and anxiety through her body language (Stuart, 2009). Glasser (2003), emphasised on the importance to allow time for patient to narrate their problem, in order to be able to assess the patient in depth.Tackling the problemShe does not like her life at the moment.She misses work and schooldays (she was learning art, her hobby is drawing)She hates the thought of befitting like her motherShe hates the thoughts that are obscuring her mind preventing her from enjoying life.The nurse went through the list of problems written by the patient and together with Rachel she act to group them into categories. Keeping in mind that CIT service is provided over a limited amount of time, it is of utmost importance that the team tackle the urgent problems which use up prevented the patient from functioning normally and reaching a Crisis. For secondary problems, Rachel will be referred to another team who can offer longer call care.The first ii problems discussed were the fact that she is absent from work and not attending art school at the moment. This fact is making her feel useless and lonely. She is not doing these things because she thinks that if she starts to do things that she used to enjoy, she will neglect her child. This will make her worst fear that she will become like her mother come true. This made it easier for the nurse to narrow the amount of problems because in agreement with Rachel they decided to group all the three problems under one heading fear of becoming like mum. Rachel admit ted that if she could be sure that she would be nothing like her mother she would feel less stressed.The second problem was her bizarre thoughts which were persecuting her. During the first meeting they discussed at length the restitution of harming her child and what chance there was that she would actually harm him. She as well ask so much care of her child since his line three months ago that it was highly unlikely that she would ever harm him. In earthly concern she was caring fulltime for the child, taking care of him 24 hours a day and never leaving his side. Rachels boyfriend assured the nurse that she never left her child unattended. He explained that they were living with her mother who took care of the house chores and gave them moral support whilst Rachel took care of her child.After discussing all this with Rachel it was concluded that what she was sense of touch was unhappy, she lost her joy of living. It was important for Rachel to try to control her thoughts and worries and to try learning to sort them out. First she needs to work out if the worries are founded or not and when that answer is found she needs to choose whether to ignore or believe them. The nurse opted to work with Rachel on the mistreats of Reality/ Reality Theory by Glasser to help her overcome these fears.The Reality Therapy/Choice therapy.William Glasser developed Reality therapy way back in the sixties and it was based on identity theory, (Zastrow, 2010). The last two decades Glasser noted that his therapy focused more on human behaviour, how can it be altered and improved leading him to change the name of Reality Therapy to Choice Therapy, (Wubbolding, 2013). The choice theory explains how the life of the individual is determined by the choices he made. Every individual has his perceptions about his/her reality of life and according to Glasser the individual behaviour is in constant attempt to narrow between what we want and what we have (Zastrow, 2010 pg 491). The aim of the therapy is to help and teach individual to satisfy the internal motivation and or staple psychological needs.The Choice therapy focuses on the basic needs of the individual. Glasser (1996) explained that the therapy emphasised the four basic psychological needs which include belonging, power, freedom and survival (Jong-un, 2007). Belonging refers to family and friends. tidy sum with whom a person can cordialise, enjoy him/herself with, as well as feel loved. Power refers to the individual achievements in life such as achieving dreams and feeling worthwhile. Having your own space, acting independently, being autonomous and deciding for yourself covers the need of freedom. Whereas, survival needs are covered by nourishment, intimate relationships and shelter. Sunich (2007) in his article argued that Glasser wrote about five basic needs and the ones mentioned above and adding fun.Contrary to traditional theories, the Reality Therapy promotes the idea to focus on the here and now and reduce concentrating on the past. The therapy is based on the patients willingness to change, make choices, take responsibility and sustain commitment. Its aim is to assess and identify the unmet needs of the patient exploring what behaviours they are displaying that either supporter or interfere with them meeting their needs (Sunich, 2007 pg.3).Working the therapy with RachelThe nurse explained how choice therapy works and Rachel agreed that she would like to give it a try. The nurse explained that reality therapy is ruff summarized as WDEP which means wanting, doing, evaluation and planning, (Cameron, 2013)In Rachels situation, it is important to focus on what she really Wants she wished to get rid of her thoughts and fear. It was explained to her that she needs to start to learn to identify unrealistic thoughts and learn to control them. After the problem was ascertained the next step taken was to ask Rachel what she was Doing to try and get what she wished for. Rachel tried to explain what she had been doing provided Evaluating the situation together Rachel admitted that the method she had chosen was not working. After that Rachel and the nurse agreed to try and formulate a new Plan which will help Rachel gain her joy in life back,(Cameron, 2013) .In the first session Rachel described herself as blocked in a black tunnel, she was afraid to talk about her thoughts because the nurse might think that she was going crazy. but could feel that with the right support there is hope for her illness. The nurse had to explain to Rachel that she should stop labelling herself as depressed and concentrate on how she was feeling at that moment. Rachel admitted she was feeling unhappy, and this was caused because the patient had stopped doing the things, she liked to do so that she would be able to concentrate on her son 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Although she knew that she was still fearful of the thought that she might harm the baby. The nurse explained th at feeling unhappy for a reason is not being crazy the important thing is doing something about it to improve the situation (Glasser, 2003).The thought that she might harm the baby was explored at length. Rachel admitted that she never did anything to harm her baby, she loved him unconditionally, and she took care of his Adls. She never misses his appointment at the baby clinic where they confirm that the baby is very healthy and this was support by Robert. The nurse documented everything they said on a page divided into two columns, labelled good care and neglect After Rachel finished, the nurse handed her the paper and explained to her what she had done. each(prenominal) the things Rachel had stated were listed under the good care column and the neglect column remained empty. Then the nurse asked Rachel Seeing this paper how much are the chances that you are neglecting your son? Rachel stared amazed at the paper as she answered none, thus this makes your thought unfounded. The n urse explained to Rachel needs to learn to do this course session each time she has a thought so that she can identify if the thought is realistic or just an imaginary one.So they planned Rachels homework until her next session which focused mainly on identifying the thought and reasoning it out. After the first session she confessed that she felt better the fear that she was going crazy subsided, she felt that she was not alone any more in her dark tunnel and hope was instilled.Sessions went by and Rachel started to learn how to control her thoughts better but choosing to ignore them. She was better but not good enough yet. Rachel had to start to stay away from her son a couple of hours so she has time for herself. It was the biggest step for her and as she described it as the most painful but with the help of Robert and their extended families she started to work a couple of hours a week. This made a forceful change in Rachels mood and she started to feel happy again. She starte d to make friends and felt that she belonged in society again and not isolated anymore.Happiness or mental health is enjoying the life you are choosing to live, getting along well with the people near and dear to you, doing something with your life you believe is worthwhile, and not doing anything to deprive anyone else of the same chance for happiness you have (Glasser, 2003 pg 7).Problems met during sessions.Seeing the story in writing might look as if it had been easy to empower Rachel enough to achieve goal. It included four weeks of intensive counselling with two planned sessions a week and several phone calls from Rachel asking for support and reassurance. This could be done by laudatory Rachel for her decisions and actions.There were times that the patient had to be confronted about her decision for example you are thinking and assuming that your mum will not be unfastened to look after your baby. Did she show any signs of mistreating him or being unloving towards the baby? Are these just your thoughts tormenting you or there are facts which might lead you to think that she is incapable of looking after him? There are many authors who criticise this method because of the above they argue that it is a harshly confronted therapeutic get down towards the patient. Wubbolding and Brickell (2000), did not deny it but emphasised the fact that reality therapy is a gently confronted approach. Glasser (2002), explained clearly the consequences of seven deadly habits, which may arise during reality therapy session. These habits are criticising, blaming, complaining, nagging, threatening punishing and bribing or rewarding to control, but they cannot be allowed in any relationship because they will simply destroy it (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2012).There was one instalment at the beginning when Rachel entered the office unannounced shaking and sobbing. She was so desperate at that moment that she could not even talk. The nurse waited for Rachel to calm down but each time she did and the nurse asked her to talk Rachel ended up sobbing again. After more than half an hour, in a soft but unadulterated voice the nurse had to tell Rachel that she had to speak up if she wanted help. The statement might have sounded insensible and blunt but it was all about the reality of the situation Rachel understood that and reached for a paper and with great difficulty wrote what was troubling her. Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan (2012) agreed with other above authors who believe that Reality therapy at times is too directive and might become almost offensive and unethical towards the patient.ConclusionRachel started to look forward to her therapy session she worked hard on her problems, kept with the plan and step by step she reached her goal. Basic knowledge about the therapy helped the nurse conduct the sessions but also made her aware of the need for more intensive training (Sommers-Flanagan Sommers-Flanagan, 2012).Post Natal Depression Case StudyPost Natal Depression Case StudyThe Experience of Health Illness Level 2 Assessment thickening Study Culture and the service user experienceThis essay details the experiences that I had in dealing with and observing a Mrs. N, a 28 yr old lady who safely delivered a baby girl in December of last year. Her major(ip) problem was the development of place original depression, but there were a trope of contributory factors which were relevant in her case, one of which was her socialisation and ethnic background which coloured both her expectations and her reactions to the various landmarks which punctuated her illness trajectory.1. chance upon a specific guest/user and provide a vivid but non-judgemental description of his or her personality, family, ethnic and tender background (include employment, education, housing etc).Mrs. N is a Bangladeshi lady who has been married for seven years. It was an arranged marriage. She is 28 yrs old which means that she was married compa ratively late for her culture. Her husband, (Mr. N) is a year sr. than her and has been living and working in the UK for 8 years as a London Transport bus driver. He has been working to set up a home in the UK and it was always the intention that Mrs. N would come to the UK when conditions were stable for them.Mrs. N has lived in her in-laws home in Bangladesh until last year when she was granted consent to enter the UK and live with her husband. The seven years that she spent with her husbands family were very difficult for her. She had a great deal of difficulty in get by with her mother-in-laws (Mrs S.) overbearing and dictatorial manner. Mrs S felt that it was her place to mould and shape her daughter-in-laws life and manners to suit what she considered to be her place in society.Mrs. N had only a limited education and would be considered to be less well educated than her husband. This was a major issue for the husbands family and there was the underlying feeling that he coul d have done better for himself. Mrs S appeared never to miss an opportunity to remind Mrs. N of this fact. (Tseng, W et al. 2001)An supererogatory factor was that both Mr. Mrs. N were intensely aware of the cultural and family expectations on them to have children. Although Mr. N frequently visited his wife in Bangladesh, she had not conceived for 6 years, which led to anxiety between the couple and friction between Mrs. N and Mrs S.When Mrs. N eventually became pregnant, she came to the UK to live with her husband in a culture that she was unfamiliar with and could only speak rudimentary English. She felt very isolated and had difficulty in coping with the day to day problems of living.2. Provide a brief outline (no more than 200 300 words) of the basis of their need for health care (i.e. pregnancy or other specific physiological condition) highlighting only those aspects that may have implications for their cultural and social health and well-being.Mrs. N had a relatively uneve ntful pregnancy and a normal delivery. Routine midwife post delivery checks were normal, but it was noticed buy the health visitor that Mrs. N was becoming progressively more withdrawn, tearful and unable to cope with the new baby at about the 3 month period. This was difficult to assess as Mrs. N had difficulty in expressing herself and also was reluctant to involve the healthcare professionals in what she saw as her problem. There was some debate amongst members of the primary healthcare team as to whether these changes were indicative of post natal depression or whether they were due to social isolation or perhaps a combination of both factors.Post natal depression and cultureA number of studies have shown that post natal depression occurs with a similar incidence across virtually all cultures and civilisations. (viz. Marks, M. N. et al. 1992). It is known that perinatal psychoses are a leading cause of maternal unwholesomeness and suicide related to such morbidity is the major cause of maternal mortality in both the UK and in Northern Europe. (CEMD 2001). There is no good quality published work detailing the prevalence of such mortality in Asian countries, but there is no evidence to suggest that it is in any way significantly different from the European figures. In any event, one can clearly deduce that post natal depression (and the other perinatal psychoses) are a major cause of debility.Post natal depression is also known to be associated with longer term consequences for maternal mental health, marital problems and also the psychological health of the marital partner. (Asten P et al. 2004). It is also known to be associated with a number of adverse effects on the social and cognitive development of the infant and other siblings in the family. (Murray, J et al. 2003)A brief overview of the literature on the subject however, shows that the great majority of the studies conducted into the subject of post natal depression has been undertaken in Western s ocieties (viz. Kumar, R. 2004). The consequence of this observation is that such research generally does not take into account the range of psychosocial experiences that are associated with other cultures and civilisations where there are differing rates of lone motherhood, differing degrees of social support and family bonding, quite apart from the different emphasis placed on relationships within marriage, kinship and family. All of these factors will intuitively impact on the incidence and nature (and possibly the clinical presentation) of post natal depression.3. Define how you are using the notion of culture for the purposes of the assignment. Try to make explicit answers to the following questions What evidence and research did you use to describe and analyse the clients/users cultural perspectives, needs and any other factors that might influence their understanding and interpretation of health, illness and treatments? How did you gather the evidence? Evidence here must inclu de the client/users own narratives. What were your findings? For example, how did the user/client describe their experience and how did their story fit with what you observed in practice? How did it fit with theory you have read? Were they seen as difficult or good clients by practitioners if so on what grounds and how might this be explained?Culture is a complex concept. Most definitions refer to various patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance. Cultures can be understood as systems of symbols and meanings that even their creators contest, that lack fixed boundaries, that are constantly in flux, and that interact and compete with one another (Findley A et al. 2006)Mrs. Ns culture was a central consideration in this case. Unlike many of her countrywomen, she had not become in any way anglicised and was, to a large extent, completely unprepared for the enormous cultural changes that she experienced between her lifet ime home in rural Bangladesh and her new home in suburban London. If one adds to this the inevitable stresses of her first pregnancy, the loss of support of her (albeit critical) family and the advent of post natal depression.Bangladeshi culture regards childbirth as a major life event, generally with a greater significance than in western civilisations. (Cox, J. L. 2006). It is specifically considered to be one of the major rites of passage of a woman, not only from childhood to adulthood, but also into social respectability. (Gautam, S et al. 1992). Bangladeshi society has a number of specific rituals, prohibitions and proscriptions which typically accompany the passage of the woman into motherhood which are generally not found in western societies. These rituals both aid and guide the new mother, as well as providing the social support networks, to help the new mother adapt to her newly acquired role. It has been suggested that these rituals may assist in protecting new mothers f rom becoming depressed. (Seel, R. M. 1996)In the case of Mrs. N however, it is clear that she had no back up of such rituals or social network support, as she found herself being utterly removed from her familiar society and being suddenly transported (at a very critical and emotionally charged time in her life) into an alien an unknown culture where she could not easily communicate with the healthcare professionals who were trying to help her.In a landmark study of transcultural birthing practices in 1983, Stern Kruckman found surprisingly little evidence of the phenomenon identified in Western diagnoses as postnatal depression and suggested that the lack of post-partum rituals in Western society might be a cause of postnatal depression. (Stern, G et al. 1983). The authors support this finding with the comment that The effectiveness of counselling in treating the condition may be through its deviation of post-partum structure and the provision of social support which might forme rly have been provided by the extended family (in Asian societies) and public recognition of the new role.An additional boast which was not immediately apparent, but only came to light later in the trajectory of the management of the illness, was the fact that Mrs. N felt ashamed that she had given birth to a baby girl. In Bangladeshi culture it is considered a sign of cultural status to have boys, particularly the first child. Shaheen R et al. 2006). The fact that Mrs. N had a girl reduced her own self esteem enormously.4. You should develop a discussion of the assessment of the persons actual and potential cultural needs, with reference to a specific theoretical perspective that has been introduced in the module e.g. social class and effects on health or the impact of illness on the family. As farther as possible, use the evidence of the client/users own words to provide a more vivid insight of the client/users view and to give a robust basis for your own analysis and discussion .Studies which have considered the cultural implications of post natal depression point to a number of factors which can be considered independent risk factors for the development of post natal depression. (Kit, L. K et al. 1997). In specific regard to the case of Mrs. N , one can identify many of these as being relevant to her case.We shall consider each factor in turn.Many studies point to a number of factors that are a cause of happiness in pregnancy (which reduce the incidence of post natal depression) and these include discovery of pregnancy and the awareness of foetal movement. There is no doubt that Mrs. N was delighted to find that she was pregnant, not only because it pleased Mrs S, but also it meant that she would join her husband in the UK. This has to be contrasted with the veto factors including the sign difficulty in conception in Asian families as being a factor which increases the likelihood of post natal depression. (Mari, J et al. 1999)Further negative associatio ns were physical illness and discomfort, nausea, tiredness and a lack of sleep, (OHara, M. W et al. 1996) all of which were relevant to Mrs. N as she had bad back pain from about 18 weeks onwards which limited both her mobility and her ability to sleep comfortably. This pain did not resolve quickly after delivery and the lack of sleep persisted as she tried to establish breast feeding and experienced great difficulty as the baby did not feed well and wherefore would not sleep well.The role of healthcare professionals is often cited as a cause of postnatal unhappiness in studies that involve Asian women (viz. Pillsbury, B. L. K. (1998)Maternity staff who are unsympathetic, and little time to talk (or difficulty in talking) are the commonest negative associations. Mrs. N certainly experienced both of these factors with some of the hospital staff and found her hospital visits very difficult.Fortunately Mrs. N has a normal, relatively atraumatic delivery which therefore spared her anot her independent risk factor for post natal depression.5. How were these cultural needs communicate? If they were not, or only partially met, say so and describe in what way you feel they might have been better achieved.Mrs. Ns cultural needs were not met in a number of ways. Clearly the family support that she would normally expect to count upon was limited to her husband. This comment has to be seen in the stage setting that her husband was a man, although she had known him for several years she had never lived in close dependent proximity to him before she was pregnant. In the same way, Mr. N was also a comparative stranger to this situation and he did not have other members of his family group to advise and support him. In the context of this small thermonuclear family unit (which clearly is not the cultural norm in Bangladesh) it was not surprising that tempers were frayed and that Mr. N did not always support his wife. It is possible that he did not even recognise the signs of the pathophysiology of the post natal depression.The language difficulty persisted. The hospital services provided a translator, but this lady was not present at every occasion that Mrs. N attended the hospital and therefore she sometimes had to rely on other Bangladeshi women to translate and to help her. Clearly this was far from satisfactory.6. Offer a conclusion with some indication of how your experience of this particular persons needs have informed your practice and evaluate your own interactions and experience with the client/user/patient and their carers. For further details on submitting assessments, pass requirements and other information please refer to the separate assessment pack.I have considered the case of Mrs. N at great length and reflected on its implications for my personal practice. (Palmer 2005). It is with some sadness that I look back. It seems clear that Mrs. N had a number of circumstances relevant to her post natal depression which were largely beyond her control. The fact that her world was uprooted while she was in the early stages of pregnancy and she was transported to a culture that was alien to anything that she had previously known, clearly was a major de-stabilising factor for her. The factors which could have been changed would have to be the fact that an empathetic translator could have been present at every interaction with the healthcare professionals and this might have not only eased her problems but might have given the healthcare professionals a reciprocal insight into her predicament.With her past history, one might reasonably deduce that she had a number of major risk factors for post natal depression and therefore it should have been actively considered from the point of delivery. There is a considerable body of evidence which suggests that the earlier post natal depression is positively diagnosed and aggressively treated, the less severe its eventual trajectory becomes. (Dennis C L 2005). The language difficul ties, inexperience of cultural difficulties and a reluctance on the part of Mrs. N to seek help all contributed to her post natal depression reaching quite a severe level before it was finally recognised.References Asten P, M. N. Marks, and M. R. Oates (2004) Aims, measures, study sites and participant samples of the Transcultural Study of Postnatal Depression. The British Journal of Psychiatry, February 1, 2004 184 (46) s3 s9.CEMD (2001) Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths Why Mothers Die 1997 1999. The Fifth Report of the UK Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths. London Royal College of obstetricalians and Gynaecologists.Cox, J. L. (2006) Perinatal mental disorders a cultural approach. 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